scholarly journals A new method to determine reflex latency induced by high rate stimulation of the nervous system

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhan Karacan ◽  
Halil I. Cakar ◽  
Oguz Sebik ◽  
Gizem Yilmaz ◽  
Muharrem Cidem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
New Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Reflex Latency ◽  
Stimulation Of

Central Nervous System and Pituitary Mechanisms in Dopaminergic Stimulation of Growth Hormone Release in Women

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ferrari ◽  
Roberto Caldara ◽  
Cristiano Barbieri ◽  
Paolo Testori ◽  
Rosanna Benco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Growth Hormone Release ◽  
Dopaminergic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals VI. —Anaphylaxis and anaphylatoxins

1923 ◽  
Vol 211 (382-390) ◽  
pp. 273-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the study of the phenomena of anaphylaxis there are certain points on which some measure of agreement seems to have been attained. In the case of anaphylaxis to soluble proteins, with which alone we are directly concerned in this paper, the majority of investigators probably accept the view that the condition is due to the formation of an antibody of the precipitin type. Concerning the method, however, by which the presence of this antibody causes the specific sensitiveness, the means by which its interaction with the antibody produces the anaphylactic shock, there is a wide divergence of conception. Two main currents of speculation can be discerned. One view, historically rather the earlier, and first put forward by Besredka (1) attributes the anaphylactic condition to the location of the antibody in the body cells. There is not complete unanimity among adherents of this view as to the nature of the antibody concerned, or as to the class of cells containing it which are primarily affected in the anaphylactic shock. Besredka (2) himself has apparently not accepted the identification of the anaphylactic antibody with a precipitin, but regards it as belonging to a special class (sensibilisine). He also regards the cells of the central nervous system as those primarily involved in the anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig. Others, including one of us (3), have found no adequate reason for rejecting the strong evidence in favour of the precipitin nature of the anaphylactic antibody, produced by Doerr and Russ (4), Weil (5), and others, and have accepted and confirmed the description of the rapid anaphylactic death in the guinea-pig as due to a direct stimulation of the plain-muscle fibres surrounding the bronchioles, causing valve-like obstruction of the lumen, and leading to asphyxia, with the characteristic fixed distension of the lungs, as first described by Auer and Lewis (6), and almost simultaneously by Biedl and Kraus (7). But the fundamental conception of anaphylaxis as due to cellular location of an antibody, and of the reaction as due to the union of antigen and antibody taking place in the protoplasm, is common to a number of workers who thus differ on details.

Evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous System Changes and Temporal-Spatial Gait Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Subjected to Neurorehabilitation Conventional Methods and Using Special. Literature Revie

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Sebastian Szyper ◽  
Paweł Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Gait Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Quality Material

Introduction: The persistent high rate of disability in people after stroke in Poland and globally requires continuous analysis of the effectiveness of rehabilitation. This review of the global literature analyzes the effectiveness of two therapeutic concepts in relation to changes in the autonomic nervous system and gait quality. Material and Methods: We searched PubMed for available literature using keywords. The search included literature available in English between January 2000 and June 2017. Results: Most studies described in this literature review did not show any significant advantage in terms of effectiveness of neurorehabilitation methods over conventional ones. Conclusions: The effectiveness of rehabilitation focuses mainly on modulating brain plasticity associated with neurologic deficits in the central nervous system, ignoring the autonomic nervous system.

Magnetic Stimulation of the Nervous System

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Weissman ◽  
Charles M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The development of central nervous system control of the gill withdrawal reflex evoked by siphon stimulation in Aplysia

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
System Control ◽  
Reflex Amplitude ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Reflex Latency ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Control

In older Aplysia, the central nervous system (CNS) (abdominal ganglion) exerts suppressive and facilitatory control over the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which initially mediates the gill withdrawal reflex and its subsequent habituation evoked by tactile stimulation of the siphon. In young animals, both the suppressive and facilitatory CNS control were found to be absent. In older animals, removal of branchial nerve (Br) input to the gill resulted in a significantly reduced reflex latency and, with ctenidial (Ct) and siphon (Sn) nerves intact, a significantly increased reflex amplitude and an inability of the reflex to habituate with repeated siphon stimulation. In young animals, removal of Br had no effect on reflex latency and with Ct and Sn intact, the reflex amplitude latency was not increased and the reflex habituated. Older animals can easily discriminate between different intensity stimuli applied to the siphon as evidenced by differences in reflex amplitude, rates of habituation, and evoked neural activity. On the other hand, young animals cannot discriminate well between different stimulus intensities. The lack of CNS control in young animals was found to be due to incompletely developed neural processes within the abdominal ganglion and not the PNS. The lack of CNS control in young Aplysia results in gill reflex behaviours being less adaptive in light of changing stimulus conditions, but may be of positive survival value in that the young will not habituate as easily. The fact that CNS control is present in older animals strengthens the idea that in any analysis of the underlying neural mechanisms of habituation the entire integrated CNS–PNS must be taken into account.

scholarly journals In Vivo Neocortical [K]o Modulation by Targeted Stimulation of Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8658
Author(s):  
Azin EbrahimAmini ◽  
Shanthini Mylvaganam ◽  
Paolo Bazzigaluppi ◽  
Mohamad Khazaei ◽  
Alexander Velumian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Spreading Depolarization ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Stimulation Of

A normally functioning nervous system requires normal extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K]o). Throughout the nervous system, several processes, including those of an astrocytic nature, are involved in [K]o regulation. In this study we investigated the effect of astrocytic photostimulation on [K]o. We hypothesized that in vivo photostimulation of eNpHR-expressing astrocytes leads to a decreased [K]o. Using optogenetic and electrophysiological techniques we showed that stimulation of eNpHR-expressing astrocytes resulted in a significantly decreased resting [K]o and evoked K responses. The amplitude of the concomitant spreading depolarization-like events also decreased. Our results imply that astrocytic membrane potential modification could be a potential tool for adjusting the [K]o.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document