scholarly journals A Computational Model for the Automatic Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Functional Brain Volume

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Tan ◽  
Xinyu Guo ◽  
Sheng Ren ◽  
Jeff N. Epstein ◽  
Long J. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Automatic Diagnosis ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Rapoport ◽  
Xavier F. Castellanos ◽  
Nitin Gogate ◽  
Kristin Janson ◽  
Shawn Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Objective: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain abnormalities of two conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. Method: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in ADHD and COS. These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. Results: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of brain abnormality for ADHD and COS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior inferior cerebellar vermal volume. These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, patients with COS have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in COS there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. Conclusions: In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive ‘lesion’ involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

scholarly journals Brain structural and functional substrates of ADGRL3 (latrophilin 3) haplotype in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moreno-Alcázar ◽  
Josep A. Ramos-Quiroga ◽  
Marta Ribases ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Mora ◽  
Gloria Palomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the gene encoding the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3; formerly latrophilin 3, LPHN3) is associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conversely, no studies have investigated the anatomical or functional brain substrates of ADGRL3 risk variants. We examined here whether individuals with different ADGRL3 haplotypes, including both patients with ADHD and healthy controls, showed differences in brain anatomy and function. We recruited and genotyped adult patients with combined type ADHD and healthy controls to achieve a sample balanced for age, sex, premorbid IQ, and three ADGRL3 haplotype groups (risk, protective, and others). The final sample (n = 128) underwent structural and functional brain imaging (voxel-based morphometry and n-back working memory fMRI). We analyzed the brain structural and functional effects of ADHD, haplotypes, and their interaction, covarying for age, sex, and medication. Individuals (patients or controls) with the protective haplotype showed strong, widespread hypo-activation in the frontal cortex extending to inferior temporal and fusiform gyri. Individuals (patients or controls) with the risk haplotype also showed hypo-activation, more focused in the right temporal cortex. Patients showed parietal hyper-activation. Disorder-haplotype interactions, as well as structural findings, were not statistically significant. To sum up, both protective and risk ADGRL3 haplotypes are associated with substantial brain hypo-activation during working memory tasks, stressing this gene’s relevance in cognitive brain function. Conversely, we did not find brain effects of the interactions between adult ADHD and ADGRL3 haplotypes.

scholarly journals 3D CNN Based Automatic Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Functional and Structural MRI

IEEE Access ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 23626-23636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zou ◽  
Jiannan Zheng ◽  
Chunyan Miao ◽  
Martin J. Mckeown ◽  
Z. Jane Wang
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Automatic Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
3D Cnn
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