Association of Type I Neurons Positive for NADPH-Diaphorase with Blood Vessels in the Adult Monkey Corpus Callosum

Distribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Human Cerebral Blood Vessels and Brain Tissues

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1994.124 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 930-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Hidekazu Tomimoto ◽

Masaki Nishimura ◽

Toshihiko Suenaga ◽

Sinichi Nakamura ◽

Ichiro Akiguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Nadph Diaphorase ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽

Oxide Synthase

The distribution of nitric oxide synthase was investigated in human cerebral blood vessels and brain tissues. NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, which is a marker for nitric oxide synthase in neurons and endothelial cells, revealed periadventitial nerve fibers in the arteries of the circle of Willis and their cortical branches, as well as the common carotid and subclavian arteries. The fibers were mostly nonvaricose in the periadventitial nerve trunk and were varicose within the adventitia. Patchy reaction products were distributed in the perinuclear region of each endothelial cell. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media were weakly stained. Staining was particularly intense in regions with atherosclerotic changes, which consist of macrophage infiltration and proliferation of fibroblasts. In the neural parenchyma, two types of NADPH-diaphorase reactive neurons were differentiated. Type I neurons were intensely stained, medium-sized, and bipolar or multipolar. They were distributed in the cerebral cortex and white matter, mostly in the subcortical white matter. Type II neurons were lightly stained, small oval neurons with fine processes and were distributed in the cerebral cortex. Endothelial cells were intensely reactive for NADPH-diaphorase in the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries but weakly in veins. Immuno-histochemistry for neural nitric oxide synthase labeled perivascular nerves in the larger arteries and those in the neural parenchyma. Both type I and type II neurons were labeled. Nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells and the nerve encircling blood vessels further suggests a dual control of cerebral circulation by nitric oxide in human brain.

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Neonatal Agenesis of Corpus Callosum in a Pregnant Lady with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I

Journal of Gynecology and Womens Health ◽

10.19080/jgwh.2018.12.555827 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sheriff Dabbour

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ◽

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type ◽

Type I ◽

Agenesis Of Corpus Callosum ◽

Endocrine Neoplasia ◽

Endocrine Neoplasia Type

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Changes in Matrix Components in the Developing Human Meniscus

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546520972418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

William Fedje-Johnston ◽

Ferenc Tóth ◽

Melissa Albersheim ◽

Cathy S. Carlson ◽

Kevin G. Shea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Cell Density ◽

Skeletal Maturity ◽

Skeletal Development ◽

Collagen Type I ◽

Type I ◽

Cellular Density ◽

Meniscal Healing ◽

Proteoglycan Content ◽

Safranin O

Background: Treatment of meniscal tears is necessary to maintain the long-term health of the knee joint. Morphological elements, particularly vascularity, that play an important role in meniscal healing are known to change during skeletal development. Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate meniscal vascularity, cellularity, collagen, and proteoglycan content by age and location during skeletal development. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Medial and lateral menisci from 14 male and 7 female cadavers aged 1 month to 11 years were collected and evaluated. For each meniscus, histologic and immunohistologic techniques were used to establish the ratio of the area of proteoglycan (safranin O) positivity to the total area (proteoglycan ratio), collagen type I and type II immunostaining positivity, number of blood vessels, and cell density. These features were evaluated over the entire meniscus and also separately in 5 circumferential segments: anterior root, anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and posterior root. Additionally, cell density and number of blood vessels were examined in 3 radial regions: inner, middle, and periphery. Results: Age was associated with a decrease in meniscal vessel count and cell density, while the proteoglycan ratio increased with skeletal maturity. Differences in vessel counts, cellular density, and proteoglycan ratio in different anatomic segments as well as in the inner, middle, and peripheral regions of the developing menisci were also observed. Collagen immunostaining results were inconsistent and not analyzed. Conclusion: The cellularity and vascularity of the developing meniscus decrease with age and the proteoglycan content increases with age. All of these parameters are influenced by location within the meniscus. Clinical Relevance: Age and location differences in meniscal morphology, particularly in the number of blood vessels, are expected to influence meniscal healing.

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Myelin and Lipid Composition of the Corpus Callosum in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Mice

Lipids ◽

10.1002/lipd.12261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 627-637

Author(s):

Steven Q. Le ◽

Igor Nestrasil ◽

Shih‐hsin Kan ◽

Martin Egeland ◽

Jonathan D. Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Type I ◽

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type ◽

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I

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The Expression of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 (ACVRL1/ALK1) in Hippocampal Arterioles Declines During Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cerebral Cortex Communications ◽

10.1093/texcom/tgaa031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kelley E Anderson ◽

Thomas A Bellio ◽

Emily Aniskovich ◽

Stephanie L Adams ◽

Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Amyloid Angiopathy ◽

Type I ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Activin Receptor ◽

Receptor Like Kinase

Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) within the walls of cerebral blood vessels—typically accompanies Aβ buildup in brain parenchyma and causes abnormalities in vessel structure and function. We recently demonstrated that the immunoreactivity of activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), the type I receptor for circulating BMP9/BMP10 (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling proteins, is reduced in advanced, but not early stages of AD in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Here we characterize vascular expression of ALK1 in the context of progressive AD pathology accompanied by amyloid angiopathy in postmortem hippocampi using immunohistochemical methods. Hippocampal arteriolar wall ALK1 signal intensity was 35% lower in AD patients (Braak and Braak Stages IV and V [BBIV-V]; clinical dementia rating [CDR1-2]) as compared with subjects with early AD pathologic changes but either cognitively intact or with minimal cognitive impairment (BBIII; CDR0-0.5). The intensity of Aβ signal in arteriolar walls was similar in all analyzed cases. These data suggest that, as demonstrated previously for specific neuronal populations, ALK1 expression in blood vessels is also vulnerable to the AD pathophysiologic process, perhaps related to CAA. However, cortical arterioles may remain responsive to the ALK1 ligands, such as BMP9 and BMP10 in early and moderate AD.

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ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE CAROTID BODY

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.30.3.563 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 563-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

T. J. Biscoe ◽

W. E. Stehbens

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Schwann Cells ◽

Carotid Body ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Nerve Endings ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii Cells ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type I Cells ◽

I Cells

An electron microscope investigation was made of the carotid body in the cat and the rabbit. In thin-walled blood vessels the endothelium was fenestrated. Larger vessels were surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle fibers. Among the numerous blood vessels lay groups of cells of two types covered by basement membranes. Aggregates of Type I cells were invested by Type II cells, though occasionally cytoplasmic extensions were covered by basement membrane only. Type I cells contained many electron-opaque cored vesicles (350 to 1900 A in diameter) resembling those in endocrine secretory cells. Type II cells covered nerve endings terminating on Type I cells and enclosed nerve fibers in much the same manner as Schwann cells. The nerve endings contained numerous microvesicles (∼500 A in diameter), mitochondria, glycogen granules, and a few electron-opaque cored vesicles. Junctions between nerve endings and Type I cells were associated with regions of increased density in both intercellular spaces and the adjoining cytoplasm. Cilia of the 9 + 0 fibril pattern were observed in Type I and Type II cells and pericytes. Nonmyelinated nerve fibers, often containing microvesicles, mitochondria, and a few electron-opaque cored vesicles (650 to 1000 A in diameter) were present in Schwann cells, many of which were situated close to blood vessels Ganglion cells near the periphery of the gland, fibrocytes, and segments of unidentified cells were also seen. It was concluded that, according to present concepts of the structure of nerve endings, those endings related to Type I cells could be efferent or afferent.

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The Development of New Immunoisolatory Devices Possessing the Ability to Induce Neovascularization

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.3727/000000003108746984 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tomonori Sakurai ◽

Akira Satake ◽

Natsuki Nagata ◽

Yuanjun Gu ◽

Akihito Hiura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Islet Transplantation ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Immunosuppressive Agents ◽

Potential Method ◽

Type I ◽

Bioartificial Pancreas ◽

Gelatin Microspheres ◽

Collagen Coating ◽

New Devices

The transplantation of a bioartificial pancreas has been regarded as a potential method for successful islet transplantation without any immunosuppressive agents. The subcutaneous site is a very attractive site for transplantation of a bioartificial pancreas because of its advantage of an easy operation site. Our group has been reporting that transplantation of a bioartificial pancreas to the subcutaneous site can reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic recipients. Regarding shapes of a bioartificial pancreas, it is believed that a bag form has an advantage because it is easy to prepare a large quantity. Our group previously reported successful transplantation of a bioartificial pancreas in bag form, a mesh-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bag (MRPB), implanted in the peritoneal cavity. We also reported that the effect of subcutaneous islet transplantation can be greatly improved with prevascularization treatment. In the present study, we attempted to combine MRPB to our protocol of subcutaneous prevascularization. The main problem of this trial is that the procedure of MRPB implantation injures the prevascularized blood vessel networks. To solve this problem, we made a slight alternation in our protocol, and designed new devices on the basis of MRPB. The new devices, possessing the ability to induce neovascularization, were prepared by collagen coating on the surface of MRPB and were implanted with/without different doses of FGF-2 impregnated in gelatin microspheres. When using 5 μg of FGF-2, more blood vessels were observed on the surface of type I/IV collagen-coated MRPB compared with the original MRPB and type I collagen-coated MRPB. Quite a few blood vessels were observed either around the injection site of 50 μg of FGF-2 impregnated in gelatin microspheres alone or around the implantation site of FGF-2-free gelatin microspheres and type I collagen-coated MRPB or type I/IV collagen-coated MRPB. Here we demonstrated that the combination of both FGF-2 impregnated in gelatin microspheres and collagen-coated MRPB could give an effective system of neovascularization suitable for subcutaneous implantation of a bioartificial pancreas.

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Ontogeny of type I procollagen expression during human fetal lung development

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1995.268.2.l309 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (2) ◽

pp. L309-L320 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. Davila ◽

D. deMello ◽

E. C. Crouch

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Lung Development ◽

Fetal Lung ◽

Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽

Type I ◽

Collagen Deposition ◽

Developmentally Regulated ◽

Mrna Accumulation ◽

Type I Procollagen ◽

Fetal Lung Development

The cellular sites of type I procollagen (PCI) production were investigated during fetal and early postnatal human lung development. PCI-synthesizing cells and sites of recent collagen deposition were visualized by immunoperoxidase staining of lung tissue with monoclonal antibodies to human PCI. In selected cases, serial sections were also examined by in situ hybridization to establish the cellular sites of PCI gene expression and mRNA accumulation. PCI cytoplasmic immunostaining generally correlated with sites of mRNA accumulation and with known sites of interstitial collagen deposition, including the adventitial and muscular layers of large blood vessels, submesothelial and peribronchial connective tissue, perichondrium, and interstitial matrix. However, we also observed developmental changes in relative PCI expression for each of these compartments, heterogeneity in the level of PCI expression by cells within individual anatomic subcompartments, and variations in the level of PCI expression along the length of pulmonary blood vessels and airways. These studies emphasize the complexity of developmentally regulated alterations in procollagen production during lung development.

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