scholarly journals Pleiotropic Contribution of MECOM and AVPR1A to Aggression and Subcortical Brain Volumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein M. J. van Donkelaar ◽  
Martine Hoogman ◽  
Irene Pappa ◽  
Henning Tiemeier ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

scholarly journals Depression and Vegetarians: Association between Dietary Vitamin B6, B12 and Folate Intake and Global and Subcortical Brain Volumes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Samuel Berkins ◽  
Helgi Birgir Schiöth ◽  
Gull Rukh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Depression Status

Deficiency of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, mostly in vegetarians, is found to be associated with depression and adverse neurological function. We investigated whether vitamin B6, B12, and folate have an effect on brain structure, especially among depressed people who follow a specific diet. The study sample comprised 9426 participants from the UK Biobank cohort with a mean age of 62.4 years. A generalized linear model controlling for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, town send deprivation index, educational qualification, smoking, and alcohol intake was used to test the association between study groups and structural brain volumes. Depression was more prevalent, and intake of vitamin B6 and B12 was lower among vegetarians, while non-vegetarians had a lower intake of folate. Overall, no significant association was observed between vitamin B6, B12, and folate intakes and both global and subcortical brain volumes among participants with depression. However, vitamin B12 intake was positively associated with right pallidum among non-depressed participants, and a significant interaction between vitamin B12 intake and depression status on the right pallidum was observed. Also, a significant interaction between folate intake and depression status on grey matter (GM) volume and left thalamus was observed. Upon diet stratification, folate intake is associated with total brain volume and GM volume among vegetarians with depression. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed for subcortical regions. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of vitamin B6 and B12 might have an effect on brain structure. Vegetarians, particularly those who suffer from depression may benefit from supplementing their diets with vitamins B6, B12, and folate to ensure brain health. Further studies, especially with a larger sample size and longitudinal design, are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness and subcortical brain volumes in professional rugby league players

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wojtowicz ◽  
Andrew J. Gardner ◽  
Peter Stanwell ◽  
Ross Zafonte ◽  
Bradford C. Dickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

scholarly journals Impulsivity and body fat accumulation are linked to cortical and subcortical brain volumes among adolescents and adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Kakoschke ◽  
Valentina Lorenzetti ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-García
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

scholarly journals Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and subcortical brain anatomy in the UK Biobank cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steluta Grama ◽  
Isabella Willcocks ◽  
John J. Hubert ◽  
Antonio F. Pardiñas ◽  
Sophie E. Legge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Research has shown differences in subcortical brain volumes between participants with schizophrenia and healthy controls. However, none of these differences have been found to associate with schizophrenia polygenic risk. Here, in a large sample (n = 14,701) of unaffected participants from the UK Biobank, we test whether schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) limited to specific gene-sets predict subcortical brain volumes. We compare associations with schizophrenia PRS at the whole genome level (‘genomic’, including all SNPs associated with the disorder at a p-value threshold < 0.05) with ‘genic’ PRS (based on SNPs in the vicinity of known genes), ‘intergenic’ PRS (based on the remaining SNPs), and genic PRS limited to SNPs within 7 gene-sets previously found to be enriched for genetic association with schizophrenia (‘abnormal behaviour,’ ‘abnormal long-term potentiation,’ ‘abnormal nervous system electrophysiology,’ ‘FMRP targets,’ ‘5HT2C channels,’ ‘CaV2 channels’ and ‘loss-of-function intolerant genes’). We observe a negative association between the ‘abnormal behaviour’ gene-set PRS and volume of the right thalamus that survived correction for multiple testing (ß = −0.031, pFDR = 0.005) and was robust to different schizophrenia PRS p-value thresholds. In contrast, the only association with genomic PRS surviving correction for multiple testing was for right pallidum, which was observed using a schizophrenia PRS p-value threshold < 0.01 (ß = −0.032, p = 0.0003, pFDR = 0.02), but not when using other PRS P-value thresholds. We conclude that schizophrenia PRS limited to functional gene sets may provide a better means of capturing differences in subcortical brain volume than whole genome PRS approaches.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Verbal Fluency Performance, Fight Exposure, and Subcortical Region Brain Volumes in Professional Fighters

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-735
Author(s):  
L Bennett ◽  
C Bernick ◽  
S Banks
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Subcortical Region ◽  
Subcortical Brain Structures

Abstract Purpose Verbal fluency performance has been shown to be sensitive to preclinical cognitive changes in neurodegenerative diseases and may detect early, trauma-related cognitive and volumetric changes amongst professional fighters. Baseline verbal fluency performance and volumes of relevant subcortical brain structures were expected to decline as number of professional fights (NoPF) increased, while controlling for education. Methods Baseline letter and semantic fluency performance, NoPF, and structural brain imaging from 548 active and retired fighters who participated in the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study were considered. ANCOVAs were conducted to assess differences in verbal fluency performance by NOPF, while controlling for years of education. Number of professional fights were stratified into low (0-20 fights), medium (21-40 fights), and high (41 or more fights). Results Semantic fluency performance differed across the three levels of NoPF (F(2, 542)=4.56; p<.02). In addition, significant positive correlations between semantic fluency performance and volumes in the following regions were observed: left thalamus, left putamen, left pallidum, bilateral caudates, bilateral amygdalae, bilateral hippocampi, and bilateral accumbens (all p’s<.05). In contrast, letter fluency performance was not significantly associated with NoPF or volumes of relevant subcortical brain structures (all p’s>.05). Conclusion Semantic fluency may be low-cost, easy-to-administer harbinger of emerging cognitive dysfunction and lower volumes in related subcortical brain regions. Additional assessment of clinical utility is necessary.

35 INVESTIGATION OF THE GENETIC INFLUENCES ON BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SUBCORTICAL BRAIN VOLUMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S79
Author(s):  
Megan Campbell ◽  
Shareefa Dalvie ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Raj Ramesar ◽  
Paul Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

Association of Subcortical Brain Volumes with CNVS: A Mega-Analysis From The Enigma-CNV Working Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. S422-S423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Sonderby ◽  
Nhat Trung Doan ◽  
Omar Gustafsson ◽  
Derrek Hibar ◽  
Srdjan Djurovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

Subcortical volume changes in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. A comparison with healthy aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Watson ◽  
Sean J. Colloby ◽  
Andrew M. Blamire ◽  
John T. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Group Effects

ABSTRACTBackground: Differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), two of the commonest forms of dementia in older age, remains a diagnostic challenge. To assist with better understanding of the differences between the conditions during life, we assessed limbic and subcortical brain volumes in AD, DLB, and healthy older individuals using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the hypothesis that when compared with controls, subcortical volumes would be reduced to a greater extent in DLB than in AD.Methods: One hundred participants (35 healthy controls, 32 AD, and 33 DLB) underwent 3 Tesla T1 weighted MR scanning. Volumes were automatically segmented for each participant using FreeSurfer, then expressed as a percentage of their total intracranial volumes. Group effects were assessed using multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for age and gender.Results: Significant group effects were apparent among subcortical brain volumes (F28,162 = 4.8, p < 0.001; Wilk's Λ = 0.30, partial η2 = 0.45), while univariate tests showed differences in all volumetric measures (p < 0.03) except in right caudate (p = 0.08). Post-hoc analyses indicated that while not significantly different from AD, changes compared to healthy subjects in left caudate, bilateral putamen, left thalamus, brainstem and total subcortical grey volume were more pronounced in DLB. Significant differences between AD and DLB were confined to the bilateral hippocampus (DLB > AD, p < 0.008).Conclusions: For similar levels of dementia severity, DLB appears to have greater involvement of subcortical brain atrophy than AD. Further investigation of the subcortical brain structures in DLB is warranted to fully understand their neurobiological role in this disease.

scholarly journals Genetic influences on individual differences in longitudinal changes in global and subcortical brain volumes: Results of the ENIGMA plasticity working group

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 4444-4458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Brouwer ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
David C. Glahn ◽  
Derrek P. Hibar ◽  
Xue Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

Effects of cannabis and familial loading on subcortical brain volumes in first-episode schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 263 (S2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berend Malchow ◽  
Alkomiet Hasan ◽  
Thomas Schneider-Axmann ◽  
Alexander Jatzko ◽  
Oliver Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Episode ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia
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