scholarly journals The Way Dogs (Canis familiaris) Look at Human Emotional Faces Is Modulated by Oxytocin. An Eye-Tracking Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kis ◽  
Anna Hernádi ◽  
Bernadett Miklósi ◽  
Orsolya Kanizsár ◽  
József Topál
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals Eye-tracking support for architects, conservators, and museologists. Anastylosis as pretext for research and discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rusnak
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
The Way

AbstractConservators, museologists, and architects make extremely complex decisions capable of affecting the way people perceive monuments. One might give this idea deeper consideration while pondering anastylosis. One of the things a designer should do when selecting a method of merging together parts of a damaged monument is answer the question whether the chosen method will facilitate the interest of onlookers in the presented object. In which case will the observers spend most of their time looking at the authentic relic fragments and distinguishing between the old and the new parts? The definitions in force do not explain how to approach this topic. By using eye-tracking research, we can learn how observers look at historical objects that have been reassembled again. By combining the observation of visual behaviours with a survey of people looking at such objects, it is possible to see how the process of classifying what is new and old actually works. This knowledge allows for more conscious approach to heritage management processes. In future, results of eye-tracking experiments should help experts plan sustainable conservation projects. Thanks to knowing the reactions of regular people, one will be able to establish conservation programmes in which the material preservation of a monument will reflect the way in which this object affects contemporary onlookers. Such an approach ought to result in real social and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Subclinically Anxious Adolescents Do Not Display Attention Biases When Processing Emotional Faces – An Eye-Tracking Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ◽  
Simone P. Haller ◽  
Lena Schliephake ◽  
Mihaela Duta ◽  
Gaia Scerif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotional Faces

Finding the Way at Katowice Railway Station: An Eye Tracking Experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 548-558
Author(s):  
Anton Pashkevich ◽  
Eduard Bairamov ◽  
Marcin J. Kłos ◽  
Tomasz E. Burghardt ◽  
Matúš Šucha
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
The Way

Effects of long-term meditation practice on attentional biases towards emotional faces: An eye-tracking study

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Pavlov ◽  
V. V. Korenyok ◽  
N. V. Reva ◽  
A. V. Tumyalis ◽  
K. V. Loktev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Emotional Faces

No effect of attachment avoidance on visual disengagement from a romantic partner’s face

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2166-2183
Author(s):  
Shayne Sanscartier ◽  
Jessica A. Maxwell ◽  
Penelope Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Romantic Attachments ◽  
Visual Disengagement

Attachment avoidance (discomfort with closeness and intimacy) has been inconsistently linked to visual disengagement from emotional faces, with some studies finding disengagement toward specific emotional faces and others finding no effects. Although most studies use stranger faces as stimuli, it is likely that attachment effects would be most pronounced in the context of attachment relationships. The present study ( N = 92) combined ecologically valid stimuli (i.e., pictures of romantic partner’s face) with eye-tracking methods to more precisely test whether highly avoidant individuals are faster at disengaging from emotional faces. Unexpectedly, attachment avoidance had no effect on saccadic reaction time, regardless of face type or emotion. Instead, all participants took longer to disengage from romantic partner faces than from strangers’ faces, although this effect should be replicated in the future. Our results suggest that romantic attachments capture visual attention on an oculomotor level, regardless of one’s personal attachment orientations.

scholarly journals Dogs' looking times and pupil dilation response reveal expectations about contact causality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph J. Völter ◽  
Ludwig Huber
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Condition ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Causal Perception ◽  
Violation Of Expectation ◽  
Kinematic Properties

Contact causality is one of the fundamental principles allowing us to make sense of our physical environment. From an early age, humans perceive spatio-temporally contiguous launching events as causal. Surprisingly little is known about causal perception in non-human animals, particularly outside the primate order. Violation-of-expectation paradigms in combination with eye-tracking and pupillometry have been used to study physical expectations in human infants. In the current study, we establish this approach for dogs ( Canis familiaris ). We presented dogs with realistic three-dimensional animations of launching events with contact (regular launching event) or without contact between the involved objects. In both conditions, the objects moved with the same timing and kinematic properties. The dogs tracked the object movements closely throughout the study but their pupils were larger in the no-contact condition and they looked longer at the object initiating the launch after the no-contact event compared to the contact event. We conclude that dogs have implicit expectations about contact causality.

scholarly journals Overt and covert attention shifts to emotional faces – combining EEG, Eye-tracking and a Go/No-go paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Kulke ◽  
Lena Brümmer ◽  
Arezoo Pooresmaeili ◽  
Annekathrin Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Attention Shifts

In everyday life, faces with emotional expressions quickly attract attention and eye-movements. To study the neural mechanisms of such emotion-driven attention by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), tasks that employ covert shifts of attention are commonly used, in which participants need to inhibit natural eye-movements towards stimuli. It remains, however, unclear how shifts of attention to emotional faces with and without eye-movements differ from each other. The current preregistered study aimed to investigate neural differences between covert and overt emotion-driven attention. We combined eye-tracking with measurements of ERPs to compare shifts of attention to faces with happy, angry or neutral expressions when eye-movements were either executed (Go conditions) or withheld (No-go conditions). Happy and angry faces led to larger EPN amplitudes, shorter latencies of the P1 component and faster saccades, suggesting that emotional expressions significantly affected shifts of attention. Several ERPs (N170, EPN, LPC), were augmented in amplitude when attention was shifted with an eye-movement, indicating an enhanced neural processing of faces if eye-movements had to be executed together with a reallocation of attention. However, the modulation of ERPs by facial expressions did not differ between the Go and No-go conditions, suggesting that emotional content enhances both covert and overt shifts of attention. In summary, our results indicate that overt and covert attention shifts differ but are comparably affected by emotional content.

scholarly journals How the fear of COVID-19 changed the way we look at human faces

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11380
Author(s):  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
Donatella Ferrante ◽  
Francesco Marcatto ◽  
Maria Antonella Brandimonte
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
The Way

Do we look at persons currently or previously affected by COVID-19 the same way as we do with healthy ones? In this eye-tracking study, we investigated how participants (N = 54) looked at faces of individuals presented as “COVID-19 Free”, “Sick with COVID-19”, or “Recovered from COVID-19”. Results showed that participants tend to look at the eyes of COVID-19-free faces longer than at those of both COVID-19-related faces. Crucially, we also found an increase of visual attention for the mouth of the COVID-19-related faces, possibly due to the threatening characterisation of such area as a transmission vehicle for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, by detailing how people dynamically changed the way of looking at faces as a function of the perceived risk of contagion, we provide the first evidence in the literature about the impact of the pandemic on the most basic level of social interaction.

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