scholarly journals Vagus nerve stimulation enhances extinction of conditioned fear and modulates plasticity in the pathway from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the amygdala

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Frausto Peña ◽  
Jessica E. Childs ◽  
Shawn Willett ◽  
Analicia Vital ◽  
Christa K. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

scholarly journals Peripheral effects of vagus nerve stimulation on anxiety and extinction of conditioned fear in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Noble ◽  
Ashleigh Chuah ◽  
Kathleen K. Callahan ◽  
Rimenez R. Souza ◽  
Christa K. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Fear

scholarly journals Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Rats and Modulates Arc Protein, CaMKII, and GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Alvarez-Dieppa ◽  
Kimberly Griffin ◽  
Sheridan Cavalier ◽  
Christa K. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Associated Proteins

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances the consolidation of extinction of conditioned fear. High frequency stimulation of the infralimbic cortex (IL) produces long-term potentiation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in rats given VNS-paired extinction training, whereas the same stimulation produces long-term depression in sham-treated rats. The present study investigated the state of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins in the BLA that could be responsible for this shift. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups: auditory fear conditioning only (fear-conditioned); fear conditioning + 20 extinction trials (extended-extinction); fear conditioning + 4 extinction trials paired with sham stimulation (sham-extinction); fear conditioning + 4 extinction trials paired with VNS (VNS-extinction). Freezing was significantly reduced in extended-extinction and VNS-extinction rats. Western blots were used to quantify expression and phosphorylation state of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins such as Arc, CaMKII, ERK, PKA, and AMPA and NMDA receptors. Results show significant increases in GluN2B expression and phosphorylated CaMKII in BLA samples from VNS- and extended-extinction rats. Arc expression was significantly reduced in VNS-extinction rats compared to all groups. Administration of the GluN2B antagonist ifenprodil immediately after fear extinction training blocked consolidation of extinction learning. Results indicate a role for BLA CaMKII-induced GluN2B expression and reduced Arc protein in VNS-enhanced extinction.

scholarly journals The effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on conditioned fear extinction in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Burger ◽  
Bart Verkuil ◽  
Ilse Van Diest ◽  
Willem Van der Does ◽  
Julian F. Thayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation

scholarly journals The effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on conditioned fear extinction in humans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Michael Burger ◽  
Bart Verkuil ◽  
Ilse van Diest ◽  
Willem van der Does ◽  
Julian Thayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Extinction Learning ◽  
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Extinction Memory ◽  
Phase Retention ◽  
To Receive

After fear conditioning participants were randomly assigned to receive tVNS or sham stimulation during a fear extinction phase. Retention of extinction memory was tested 24 hours later. tVNS accelerated explicit fear extinction learning (US expectancy ratings), but did not lead to better retention of extinction memory 24 hours later. We did not find a differential physiological conditioning response during the acquisition of fear and thus were unable to assess potential effects of tVNS on the extinction of physiological indices of fear.

scholarly journals Vagus nerve stimulation promotes generalization of conditioned fear extinction and reduces anxiety in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Noble ◽  
Venkat B. Meruva ◽  
Seth A. Hays ◽  
Robert L. Rennaker ◽  
Michael P. Kilgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Extinction
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