scholarly journals Noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of olfactory bulb sensory processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Devore ◽  
Christiane Linster
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation

scholarly journals Cholinergic Modulation of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pignatelli ◽  
Ottorino Belluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation

Cholinergic modulation of sensory representations in the olfactory bulb

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Linster ◽  
Thomas A Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation

Cholinergic modulation in the olfactory bulb influences spontaneous olfactory discrimination in adult rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3234-3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Mandairon ◽  
Casara Jean Ferretti ◽  
Conor M. Stack ◽  
Daniel B. Rubin ◽  
Thomas A. Cleland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Discrimination ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation ◽  
Adult Rats

scholarly journals State-dependent linearisation of mixture representations by the olfactory bulb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya Mari Adefuin ◽  
Janine K Reinert ◽  
Sannder Lindeman ◽  
Izumi Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Apical Dendrites ◽  
The Brain

Sensory systems are often tasked to analyse complex signals from the environment, to separate relevant from irrelevant parts. This process of decomposing signals is challenging when component signals interfere with each other. For example, when a mixture of signals does not equal the sum of its parts, this leads to an unpredictable corruption of signal patterns, making the target recognition harder. In olfaction, nonlinear summation is prevalent at various stages of sensory processing, from stimulus transduction in the nasal epithelium to higher areas, including the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex. Here, we investigate how the olfactory system deals with binary mixtures of odours, using two-photon imaging with several behavioural paradigms. Unlike previous studies using anaesthetised animals, we found the mixture summation to be substantially more linear when using awake, head-fixed mice performing an odour detection task. This linearisation was also observed in awake, untrained mice, in both engaged and disengaged states, revealing that the bulk of the difference in mixture summation is explained by the brain state. However, in the apical dendrites of M/T cells, mixture representation is dominated by sublinear summation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the property of mixture representation in the primary olfactory area likely reflects state-dependent differences in sensory processing.

scholarly journals Short-Term Plasticity in Cortical GABAergic Synapses on Olfactory Bulb Granule Cells Is Modulated by Endocannabinoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Wen Zhou ◽  
Adam C. Puche
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Granule Cell Layer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Short Term Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Feedback

Olfactory bulb and higher processing areas are synaptically interconnected, providing rapid regulation of olfactory bulb circuit dynamics and sensory processing. Short-term plasticity changes at any of these synapses could modulate sensory processing and potentially short-term sensory memory. A key olfactory bulb circuit for mediating cortical feedback modulation is granule cells, which are targeted by multiple cortical regions including both glutamatergic excitatory inputs and GABAergic inhibitory inputs. There is robust endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory inputs to granule cells and here we explored whether there was also endocannabinoid modulation of the inhibitory cortical inputs to granule cells. We expressed light-gated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in GABAergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) and their projections to granule cells in olfactory bulb. Selective optical activation of ChR2 positive axons/terminals generated strong, frequency-dependent short-term depression of GABAA-mediated-IPSC in granule cells. As cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor is heavily expressed in olfactory bulb granule cell layer (GCL) and there is endogenous endocannabinoid release in GCL, we investigated whether activation of CB1 receptor modulated the HDB IPSC and short-term depression at the HDB→granule cell synapse. Activation of the CB1 receptor by the exogenous agonist Win 55,212-2 significantly decreased the peak amplitude of individual IPSC and decreased short-term depression, while blockade of the CB1 receptor by AM 251 slightly increased individual IPSCs and increased short-term depression. Thus, we conclude that there is tonic endocannabinoid activation of the GABAergic projections of the HDB to granule cells, similar to the modulation observed with glutamatergic projections to granule cells. Modulation of inhibitory synaptic currents and frequency-dependent short-term depression could regulate the precise balance of cortical feedback excitation and inhibition of granule cells leading to changes in granule cell mediated inhibition of olfactory bulb output to higher processing areas.

scholarly journals Molecules, cells and networks involved in processing olfactory stimuli in the mouse olfactory bulb

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuner ◽  
A. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Inhibitory Circuitry ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Odour Discrimination ◽  
Olfactory Processing ◽  
Conditioning Experiments

AbstractHow sensory stimuli are processed by neural networks is a key question of neurosci­ence. Olfactory conditioning experiments in mice demonstrated that odour processing is fast and stimulus-dependent. Selective ge­netic perturbation of the inhibitory circuitry in the first relay station of olfactory processing, the olfactory bulb, altered such discrim­ination times, with increased inhibition accelerating and decreased inhibition slowing down odour discrimination. This illustrates that inhibition fulfils a key role in sensory processing.

315 A role of the mGluR2 metabotropic glutamate receptor in sensory processing of the accessory olfactory bulb

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S42
Author(s):  
Yasunori Hayashi ◽  
Akiko Momiyama ◽  
Tomoyuki Takahashi ◽  
Hitoshi Ohishi ◽  
Reiko Ogawa-Meguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate

scholarly journals Noradrenergic but not cholinergic modulation of olfactory bulb during processing of near threshold concentration stimuli.

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Escanilla ◽  
Sam Alperin ◽  
Monica Youssef ◽  
Matthew Ennis ◽  
Christiane Linster
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Cholinergic Modulation ◽  
Near Threshold

scholarly journals Input dependent modulation of olfactory bulb activity by GABAergic basal forebrain projections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Böhm ◽  
Daniela Brunert ◽  
Markus Rothermel
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Differential Modulation ◽  
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cholinergic Projections

AbstractBasal forebrain modulation of central circuits is associated with active sensation, attention and learning. While cholinergic modulations have been studied extensively the effect of non-cholinergic basal forebrain subpopulations on sensory processing remains largely unclear. Here, we directly compare optogenetic manipulation effects of two major basal forebrain subpopulations on principal neuron activity in an early sensory processing area, i.e. mitral/tufted cells (MTCs) in the olfactory bulb. In contrast to cholinergic projections, which consistently increased MTC firing, activation of GABAergic fibers from basal forebrain to the olfactory bulb lead to differential modulation effects: while spontaneous MTC activity is mainly inhibited, odor evoked firing is predominantly enhanced. Moreover, sniff triggered averages revealed an enhancement of maximal sniff evoked firing amplitude and an inhibition of firing rates outside the maximal sniff phase. These findings demonstrate that GABAergic neuromodulation affects MTC firing in a bimodal, sensory-input dependent way, suggesting that GABAergic basal forebrain modulation could be an important factor in attention mediated filtering of sensory information to the brain.

scholarly journals Neuromodulation of Synaptic Transmission in the Main Olfactory Bulb

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harvey ◽  
Thomas Heinbockel
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Major Step ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Functional States

A major step in our understanding of brain function is to determine how neural circuits are altered in their function by signaling molecules or neuromodulators. Neuromodulation is the neurochemical process that modifies the computations performed by a neuron or network based on changing the functional needs or behavioral state of the subject. These modulations have the effect of altering the responsivity to synaptic inputs. Early sensory processing areas, such as the main olfactory bulb, provide an accessible window for investigating how neuromodulation regulates the functional states of neural networks and influences how we process sensory information. Olfaction is an attractive model system in this regard because of its relative simplicity and because it links primary olfactory sensory neurons to higher olfactory and associational networks. Likewise, centrifugal fibers from higher order brain centers target neurons in the main olfactory bulb to regulate synaptic processing. The neuromodulatory systems that provide regulatory inputs and play important roles in olfactory sensory processing and behaviors include the endocannabinoid system, the dopaminergic system, the cholinergic system, the noradrenergic system and the serotonergic system. Here, we present a brief survey of neuromodulation of olfactory signals in the main olfactory bulb with an emphasis on the endocannabinoid system.

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