scholarly journals The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Diseases: The Role of Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Wei-Dong Chen ◽  
Yan-Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Obesity-Induced Dysbiosis Exacerbates IFN-γ Production and Pulmonary Inflammation in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Sandra Patricia Palma Albornoz ◽  
Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva ◽  
Ana Flávia Gembre ◽  
Rômulo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Mesquita de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Damage ◽  
Ifn Γ

The microbiota of the gut–lung axis affects local and far-reaching immune responses and might also trigger chronic and inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that gut dysbiosis induced by obesity, which coexists in countries with a high tuberculosis burden, aggravates the host susceptibility and the pulmonary damage tolerance. To assess our hypothesis, we used a model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, followed by infection of C57BL/6 mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We showed that obesity increased the susceptibility, the pulmonary inflammation and IFN-γ levels in M. tuberculosis-infected mice. During the comorbidity obesity and tuberculosis, there is an increase of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the lungs, and an increase of Firmicutes and butyrate in the feces. Depletion of gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment in the obese infected mice reduced the frequencies of CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17− cells and IFN-γ levels in the lungs, associated with an increase of Lactobacillus. Our findings reinforce the role of the gut–lung axis in chronic infections and suggest that the gut microbiota modulation may be a potential host-directed therapy as an adjuvant to treat TB in the context of IFN-γ-mediated immunopathology.

scholarly journals ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN LIPID METABOLISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Kvit ◽  
Viacheslav Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lipid Balance ◽  
The Relationship

 Researchers have studied the connection between cholesterol and microbiota for a long time. The results of widely published data demonstrate that the relationship between the lipid balance of the blood and the composition of the intestinal microbiota is apparent. The oblective of this study was, we tried to find the path through which this connection is carried out. Furthermore, the aim was to analyze the studies, which demonstrate the decrease of blood lipids as the result of different prebiotics and probiotics prescribtion. Also, the screening of different data from previous years was done for comparing the changes in the pathogenesis.

scholarly journals An update on the role of gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases, and potential therapeutic targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 969-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi Laing ◽  
Matthew P. G. Barnett ◽  
Gareth Marlow ◽  
Noha Ahmed Nasef ◽  
Lynnette R. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

scholarly journals Emerging science on whole grain intake and inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Shengmin Sang ◽  
Emmanuel Idehen ◽  
Yantao Zhao ◽  
YiFang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Risk

Abstract Although the biological mechanisms surrounding the widely reported association between whole grain (WG) consumption and reduced risk of several diseases are not fully understood, there is growing evidence suggesting that inflammation may be an essential mediator in this multifaceted process. It also appears that several mechanisms influence the modulatory actions of WGs on inflammation, including the effect of fiber, phytochemicals, and their microbial-derived metabolites. While some of these effects are direct, others involve gut microbiota, which transform important bioactive substances into more useful metabolites that moderate inflammatory signaling pathways. This review evaluates emerging evidence of the relationship between WGs and their effects on markers of subclinical inflammation, and highlights the role of fiber, unique WG phytochemicals, and gut microbiota on the anti-inflammatory effects of WG intake.

scholarly journals The role of probiotics on the roadmap to a healthy microbiota: a symposium report

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lockyer ◽  
Marisol Aguirre ◽  
Louise Durrant ◽  
Bruno Pot ◽  
Kaori Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Probiotic Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Genes

ABSTRACT The ninth International Yakult Symposium was held in Ghent, Belgium in April 2018. Keynote lectures were from Professor Wijmenga on using biobanks to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and health; and Professor Hill on phage–probiotic interactions. Session one included talks from Professor Plӧsch on epigenetic programming by nutritional and environmental factors; Professor Wilmes on the use of “omics” methodologies in microbiome research and Professor Rescigno on the gut vascular barrier. Session two explored the evidence behind Lactobacillus casei Shirota with Dr Nanno explaining the plasticity in immunomodulation that enables the strain to balance immune functions; Dr Macnaughtan outlining its potential therapeutic use in cirrhosis and Professor Nishida detailing effects in subjects under stress. The third session saw Professor Marchesi describing that both the host genes and the gut microbiota can play a role in cancer; Professor Bergheim highlighting crosstalk between the gut and the liver and Professor Cani describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and the endocrine system. The final session explored probiotic mechanisms, with Professor Lebeer dissecting the challenges in conducting mechanistic studies; Professor Wehkamp describing the mucosal defence system and Professor Van de Wiele detailing methods for modelling the gut microbiota in vitro.

scholarly journals Microbiota in Healthy Skin and in Atopic Eczema

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Baviera ◽  
Maria Chiara Leoni ◽  
Lucetta Capra ◽  
Francesca Cipriani ◽  
Giorgio Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Disease States ◽  
The Relationship

The Italian interest group (IG) on atopic eczema and urticaria is member of the Italian Society of Allergology and Immunology. The aim of our IG is to provide a platform for scientists, clinicians, and experts. In this review we discuss the role of skin microbiota not only in healthy skin but also in skin suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD). A Medline and Embase search was conducted for studies evaluating the role of skin microbiota. We examine microbiota composition and its development within days after birth; we describe the role of specific groups of microorganisms that colonize distinct anatomical niches and the biology and clinical relevance of antimicrobial peptides expressed in the skin. Specific AD disease states are characterized by concurrent and anticorrelated shifts in microbial diversity and proportion ofStaphylococcus. These organisms may protect the host, defining them not as simple symbiotic microbes but rather as mutualistic microbes. These findings reveal links between microbial communities and inflammatory diseases such as AD and provide novel insights into global shifts of bacteria relevant to disease progression and treatment. This review also highlights recent observations on the importance of innate immune systems and the relationship with normal skin microflora for the maintenance of healthy skin.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Effect of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Wu ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Xinyao Qiu ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Treatment Complication ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

Accumulating evidence demonstrated the crucial role of gut microbiota in many human diseases, including cancer. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has emerged as a novel treatment and has been clinically accepted as a major therapeutic strategy for cancer. Gut microbiota is related to cancer and the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and supplement with specific bacterial species can restore or enhance the responses to the ICIs. Namely, specified bacteria can serve as the biomarkers for distinguishing the patient who will respond to ICIs and determine the effectiveness of ICIs, as well as predicting the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Regardless of the significant findings, the relationship between gut microbiota and the effect of ICIs treatment needs a more thorough understanding to provide more effective therapeutic plans and reduce treatment complication. In this review, we summarized the role of gut microbiota played in immune system and cancer. We mainly focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and the checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Cancer Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Araji ◽  
Julian Maamari ◽  
Fatima Ali Ahmad ◽  
Rana Zareef ◽  
Patrick Chaftari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the care of cancer patients. However, the response to ICI therapy exhibits substantial interindividual variability. Efforts have been directed to identify biomarkers that predict the clinical response to ICIs. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a critical player that influences the efficacy of immunotherapy. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the baseline composition of a patient's gut microbiota and its dysbiosis are correlated with the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This review tackles the rapidly growing body of evidence evaluating the relationship between the gut microbiome and the response to ICI therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the impact of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on ICI efficacy and discusses the possible therapeutic interventions to optimize the gut microbiota composition to augment immunotherapy efficacy.

scholarly journals The Role of Microbiota in Infant Health: From Early Life to Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Yiqing Ye ◽  
Fengmei Wang ◽  
Fengying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

From early life to adulthood, the microbiota play a crucial role in the health of the infant. The microbiota in early life are not only a key regulator of infant health but also associated with long-term health. Pregnancy to early life is the golden time for the establishment of the infant microbiota, which is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Recently, there is an explosion of the studies on the role of microbiota in human diseases, but the application to disease or health is relatively limited because many aspects of human microbiota remain controversial, especially about the infant microbiota. Therefore, a critical and conclusive review is necessary to understand fully the relationship between the microbiota and the health of infant. In this article, we introduce in detail the role of microbiota in the infant from pregnancy to early life to long-term health. The main contents of this article include the relationship between the maternal microbiota and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the establishment of the neonatal microbiota during perinatal period and early life, the composition of the infant gut microbiota, the prediction of the microbiota for long-term health, and the future study directions of microbiota.

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