scholarly journals Genomic Investigation of the Strawberry Pathogen Phytophthora fragariae Indicates Pathogenicity Is Associated With Transcriptional Variation in Three Key Races

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Adams ◽  
Andrew D. Armitage ◽  
Maria K. Sobczyk ◽  
Helen J. Bates ◽  
Javier F. Tabima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Variation ◽  
Phytophthora Fragariae

THE FLAGELLATION, MOVEMENT, AND ENCYSTMENT OF SOME PHYCOMYCETOUS ZOOSPORES

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Saprolegnia Parasitica ◽  
Anterior Flagellum ◽  
Posterior Flagellum ◽  
Phytophthora Fragariae ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

The anterior flagellum of the zoospores of Phytophthora fragariae, P. megasperma, P. cambivora, Saprolegnia parasitica, Achlya americana, and Pythium aphanidermatum projects straight in front of the zoospore and never moves except during encystment whereas the posterior flagellum is active during the swimming period. In the secondary zoospore the anterior and posterior flagella are attached a short distance apart in the center of the depression on the concave side and respectively pass forward and backward through a groove and form a central axis about which the zoospore rotates. Hyaline vesicles which also have been called beads or paddles form at the base of the flagella at the beginning of encystment and glide part or all the way down the flagella. Movement of flagella after they are released from the zoospore is reported for the first time. Encystment may result from contact stimulus except in the case of Allomyces anomalus. A filament on which vesicles may occur may be secreted or retracted by the Allomyces zoospore.

scholarly journals The effect of common inversion polymorphisms In(2L)t and In(3R)Mo on patterns of transcriptional variation in Drosophila melanogaster

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lavington ◽  
Andrew D. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Sterol Uptake ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Transcriptional Variation ◽  
Niemann Pick

AbstractChromosomal inversions are an ubiquitous feature of genetic variation. Theoretical models describe several mechanisms by which inversions can drive adaptation and be maintained as polymorphisms. While inversions have been shown previously to be under selection, or contain genetic variation under selection, the specific phenotypic consequences of inversions leading to their maintenance remain unclear. Here we use genomic sequence and expression data from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel to explore the effects of two cosmopolitan inversions, In(2L)t and In(3R)Mo, on patterns of transcriptional variation. We demonstrate that each inversion has a significant effect on transcript abundance for hundreds of genes across the genome. Inversion affected loci (IAL) appear both within inversions as well as on unlinked chromosomes. Importantly, IAL do not appear to be influenced by the previously reported genome-wide expression correlation structure. We found that five genes involved with sterol uptake, four of which are Niemann-Pick Type 2 orthologs, are upregulated in flies with In(3R)Mo but do not have SNPs in LD with the inversion. We speculate that this upregulation is driven by genetic variation in mod(mdg4) that is in LD with In(3R)Mo. We find that there is little evidence for regional or position effect of inversions on gene expression at the chromosomal level but do find evidence for the distal breakpoint of In(3R)Mo interrupting one gene and possibly disassociating the two flanking genes from regulatory elements.

scholarly journals Regulatory Hotspots in the Malaria Parasite Genome Dictate Transcriptional Variation

PLoS Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Gonzales ◽  
Jigar J Patel ◽  
Napawan Ponmee ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
Asako Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Genome ◽  
Transcriptional Variation

Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae. [Distribution map].

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Phytophthora Fragariae ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae Wilcox & Duncan Chromista: Oomycota: Pythiales Hosts: Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Central Russia Russia, Southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, ASIA, Japan, Lebanon, Syria, AFRICA, Egypt, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, SOUTH AMERICA, Ecuador, OCEANIA, Australia, South Australia, New Zealand.

scholarly journals Transcriptional variation in malaria parasites: why and how

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Llorà-Batlle ◽  
Elisabet Tintó-Font ◽  
Alfred Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Alternative Phenotypes ◽  
Transcriptional Variation ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
Parasite Populations

Abstract Transcriptional differences enable the generation of alternative phenotypes from the same genome. In malaria parasites, transcriptional plasticity plays a major role in the process of adaptation to fluctuations in the environment. Multiple studies with culture-adapted parasites and field isolates are starting to unravel the different transcriptional alternatives available to Plasmodium falciparum and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we discuss how epigenetic variation, directed transcriptional responses and also genetic changes that affect transcript levels can all contribute to transcriptional variation and, ultimately, parasite survival. Some transcriptional changes are driven by stochastic events. These changes can occur spontaneously, resulting in heterogeneity within parasite populations that provides the grounds for adaptation by dynamic natural selection. However, transcriptional changes can also occur in response to external cues. A better understanding of the mechanisms that the parasite has evolved to alter its transcriptome may ultimately contribute to the design of strategies to combat malaria to which the parasite cannot adapt.

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