scholarly journals Early Root Transcriptomic Changes in Wheat Seedlings Colonized by Trichoderma harzianum Under Different Inorganic Nitrogen Supplies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Belén Rubio ◽  
A. Emilio Martínez de Alba ◽  
Carlos Nicolás ◽  
Enrique Monte ◽  
Rosa Hermosa
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Nitrogen Supplies

scholarly journals Root Morphology, Allometric Relations and Rhizosheath of Ancient and Modern Tetraploid Wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) in Response to Inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Rocco Bochicchio ◽  
Rosanna Labella ◽  
Antonella Vitti ◽  
Maria Nuzzaci ◽  
Giuseppina Logozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Early root traits and allometrics of wheat are important for competition and use of resources. They are under-utilized in research and un-explored in many ancient wheats. This is especially true for the rhizosheath emerging from root-soil interactions. We investigated root morphology, root/shoot relations and the amount of rhizosheath of four tetrapoid wheat seedlings (30 days after emergence): the italian landrace Saragolle Lucana and modern varieties Creso, Simeto and Ciclope, and tested the hypothesis that inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum T-22 (T-22) enhances rhizosheath formation and affects wheat varieties differently. Overall growth of non-inoculated plants showed different patterns in wheat varieties, with Saragolle and Ciclope at the two extremes: Saragolle invests in shoot rather than root mass, and in the occupation of space with highest (p < 0.05) shoot height to the uppermost internode (5.02 cm) and length-to-mass shoot (97.8 cm g−1) and root (more than 140 m g−1) ratios. This may be interpreted as maximizing competition for light but also as a compensation for low shoot efficiency due to the lowest (p < 0.05) recorded values of optically-measured chlorophyll content index (22.8). Ciclope invests in biomass with highest shoot (0.06 g) and root (0.04 g) mass and a thicker root system (average diameter 0.34 mm vs. 0.29 in Saragolle) as well as a highest root/shoot ratio (0.95 g g−1 vs. 0.54 in Saragolle). Rhizosheath mass ranged between 22.14 times that of shoot mass in Ciclope and 43.40 in Saragolle (different for p < 0.05). Inoculation with Trichoderma increased the amount of rhizosheath from 9.4% in Ciclope to 36.1% in Simeto and modified root architecture in this variety more than in others. Ours are the first data on roots and seedling shoot traits of Saragolle Lucana and of Trichoderma inoculation effects on rhizosheath. This opens to new unreported interpretations of effects of Trichoderma inoculation on improving plant growth.

scholarly journals Expression of genes related to nitrogen metabolism in maize grown under organic and inorganic nitrogen supplies

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Guo ◽  
Wen-yan Sun ◽  
Ri-liang Gu ◽  
Bing-qiang Zhao ◽  
Li-xing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nitrogen Supplies

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Details between Nitrate and Ammonium Nutrition

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Tang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Lunwen Qian ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main inorganic nitrogen (N) sources absorbed by oilseed rape, a plant that exhibits genotypic differences in N efficiency. In our previous study, the biomass, N accumulation, and root architecture of two oilseed rape cultivars, Xiangyou 15 (high N efficiency, denoted “15”) and 814 (low N efficiency, denoted “814”), were inhibited under NH4+ nutrition, though both cultivars grew normally under NO3− nutrition. To gain insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, transcriptomic changes were investigated in the roots of 15 and 814 plants subjected to nitrogen-free (control, CK), NO3− (NT), and NH4+ (AT) treatments at the seedling stage. A total of 14,355 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway categories of these DEGs, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, and cell wall biogenesis were inhibited by AT treatment. Interestingly, DEGs such as N transporters, genes involved in N assimilation and CESA genes related to cellulose synthase were also mostly downregulated in the AT treatment group. This downregulation of genes related to crucial metabolic pathways resulted in inhibition of oilseed rape growth after AT treatment.

scholarly journals Potential of Trichoderma harzianum and Its Metabolites to Protect Wheat Seedlings against Fusarium culmorum and 2,4-D

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13058
Author(s):  
Julia Mironenka ◽  
Sylwia Różalska ◽  
Przemysław Bernat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Wheat is a critically important crop. The application of fungi, such as Trichoderma harzianum, to protect and improve crop yields could become an alternative solution to synthetic chemicals. However, the interaction between the fungus and wheat in the presence of stress factors at the molecular level has not been fully elucidated. In the present work, we exposed germinating seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to the plant pathogen Fusarium culmorum and the popular herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the presence of T. harzianum or its extracellular metabolites. Then, the harvested roots and shoots were analyzed using spectrometry, 2D-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF/MS techniques. Although F. culmorum and 2,4-D were found to disturb seed germination and the chlorophyll content, T. harzianum partly alleviated these negative effects and reduced the synthesis of zearalenone by F. culmorum. Moreover, T. harzianum decreased the activity of oxidoreduction enzymes (CAT and SOD) and the contents of the oxylipins 9-Hode, 13-Hode, and 13-Hotre induced by stress factors. Under the influence of various growth conditions, changes were observed in over 40 proteins from the wheat roots. Higher volumes of proteins and enzymes performing oxidoreductive functions, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, cytochrome C peroxidase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, were found in the Fusarium-inoculated and 2,4-D-treated wheat roots. Additionally, observation of the level of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase involved in the oxylipin signaling pathway in wheat showed an increase. Trichoderma and its metabolites present in the system leveled out the mentioned proteins to the control volumes. Among the 30 proteins examined in the shoots, the expression of the proteins involved in photosynthesis and oxidative stress response was found to be induced in the presence of the herbicide and the pathogen. In summary, these proteomic and metabolomic studies confirmed that the presence of T. harzianum results in the alleviation of oxidative stress in wheat induced by 2,4-D or F. culmorum.

Uptake regions of inorganic nitrogen in roots of carob seedlings

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cruz ◽  
S. H. Lips ◽  
M. A. Martins-Loucao
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen

Hormonal Mechanism of Energy Supply of the Fish Adaptation to the Inorganic Nitrogen Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
V. D. Romanenko ◽  
A. S. Potrokhov ◽  
O. G. Zin'kovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Hormonal Mechanism
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