scholarly journals Tracking Mangrove Oil Bioremediation Approaches and Bacterial Diversity at Different Depths in an in situ Mesocosms System

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Feitosa Machado ◽  
Deborah Catharine de Assis Leite ◽  
Caio Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Paes ◽  
Edir Ferreira Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Different Depths

scholarly journals In-Situ Chemical and Isotopic Measurements of the Atmosphere of Jupiter

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064
Author(s):  
P.R. Mahaffy ◽  
S.K. Atreya ◽  
H.B. Niemann ◽  
T.C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Lateral Mixing ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Galileo Probe ◽  
Spectrometer Data

AbstractInsights into both the detailed composition of Jupiter’s atmosphere and unexpected local meteorological phenomena were revealed by in-situ measurements from the Galileo Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer taken on December 7, 1995. Measurements of the neutral atmospheric composition from a pressure of 0.5 bar to approximately 21 bar revealed the mixing ratios of the major species helium and hydrogen as well as numerous minor constituents including methane, water, ammonia, ethane, ethylene, propane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. This instrument measured the isotope ratios3He/4He, D/H, and13C/12C as well as the isotopes of neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. A summary is given of progress that has been made in refining preliminary estimates of the abundances of condensable volatiles and noble gases as a result of an ongoing laboratory study using a nearly identical engineering unit. The depletion of simple condensable species to depths well below their expected condensation levels is explained by a local downdraft in the region of the probe entry. The mass spectrometer data suggests that different species may recover at different depths and this may be due to lateral mixing of Jovian air.

Predicting Hydraulic Fracturing in a Carbonate Gas Reservoir in Abu Dhabi Using 1D Mechanical Earth Model: Uncertainty and Constraints

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manhal Sirat ◽  
Mujahed Ahmed ◽  
Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Hydraulic Fractures ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
In Situ Stresses ◽  
Tight Carbonate ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract In-situ stress state plays an important role in controlling fracture growth and containment in hydraulic fracturing managements. It is evident that the mechanical properties, existing stress regime and the natural fracture network of its reservoir rocks and the surrounding formations mainly control the geometry, size and containments of produced hydraulic fractures. Furthermore, the three principal in situ stresses' axes swap directions and magnitudes at different depths giving rise to identifying different mechanical bedrocks with corresponding stress regimes at different depths. Hence predicting the hydro-fractures can be theoretically achieved once all the above data are available. This is particularly difficult in unconventional and tight carbonate reservoirs, where heterogeneity and highly stress variation, in terms of magnitude and orientation, are expected. To optimize the field development plan (FDP) of a tight carbonate gas reservoir in Abu Dhabi, 1D Mechanical Earth Models (MEMs), involving generating the three principal in-situ stresses' profiles and mechanical property characterization with depth, have been constructed for four vertical wells. The results reveal the swap of stress magnitudes at different mechanical layers, which controls the dimension and orientation of the produced hydro-fractures. Predicted containment of the Hydro-fractures within the specific zones is likely with inevitable high uncertainty when the stress contrast between Sv, SHmax with Shmin respectively as well as Young's modulus and Poisson's Ratio variations cannot be estimated accurately. The uncertainty associated with this analysis is mainly related to the lacking of the calibration of the stress profiles of the 1D MEMs with minifrac and/or XLOT data, and both mechanical and elastic properties with rock mechanic testing results. This study investigates the uncertainty in predicting hydraulic fracture containment due to lacking such calibration, which highlights that a complete suite of data, including calibration of 1D MEMs, is crucial in hydraulic fracture treatment.

pHi and pHo at different depths in perfused myocardium measured by confocal fluorescence microscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. H1937-H1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Muller-Borer ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Sayed A. M. Marzouk ◽  
John J. Lemasters ◽  
Wayne E. Cascio
Keyword(s):  
Free Acid ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Dual Emission ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Butanedione Monoxime ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Endocardial Surface ◽  
Confocal Fluorescent Microscopy

Confocal microscopy and the H+-sensitive fluorophore carboxyseminaphthorhodafluor-1 (SNARF-1) were used to measure either intracellular pH (pHi) or extracellular pH (pHo) in isolated, arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscles. Single-excitation, dual-emission fluorescent images of the endocardial surface and underlying myocardium to a depth of 300 μm were simultaneously recorded from perfused cylindrical muscles suspended in a controlled atmosphere oriented oblique to the focal plane. Contraction was inhibited by the addition of butanedione monoxime. In separate muscles, pHo was measured during continuous perfusion of SNARF-1 free acid. pHi measurements were made after the muscle was loaded with SNARF-1/AM and the extracellular space was cleared of residual fluorophore. Initial experiments demonstrated the uniformity of ratiometric measurements as a function of pH, image depth, and fluorophore concentration, thereby establishing the potential feasibility of this method for quantitative intramural pH measurements. In subsequent experiments, the method was validated in isolated, arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscle during normal arterial perfusion and as pHi and pHo were altered by applying CO2 externally, exchanging HEPES and bicarbonate buffers, and changing pHi with NH4Cl washout. We conclude that in situ confocal fluorescent microscopy can measure pHi and pHo changes at the endocardial surface and deeper endocardial layers in arterially perfused ventricular myocardium. This method has the potential to study pHi regulation in perfused myocardium at boundaries where diffusion of gases, metabolites, and peptides are expected to modify processes that regulate pHi.

scholarly journals In Situ Cultured Bacterial Diversity from Iron Curtain Cave, Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada

Diversity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Ghosh ◽  
Elise Paine ◽  
Rob Wall ◽  
Gabrielle Kam ◽  
Tanna Lauriente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Iron Curtain

scholarly journals The elastic undrained modulus Eu50 for stiff consolidated clays related to the concept of stress history and normalized soil properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Stróżyk ◽  
Matylda Tankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Stress History ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Confining Pressures ◽  
Isotropic Consolidation ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract The paper presents the results of a triaxial test conducted on stiff, consolidated clays. The standard TXCIU procedure (isotropic consolidation and undrained shearing) was applied in the laboratory soil tests. The undrained elastic modulus Eu50 was determined from each test. The Eu50 values were determined for soil samples cut out from different depths and tested under different confining pressures. There was a significant scatter of values with depth, and no relationships between Eu50 modules or other geotechnical parameters (e.g., cu) were observed. This work presents the concept of normalization of Eu50 modulus values using modified normalization SHANSEP (Stress History And Normalized Soil Engineering Properties). This method was first proposed for estimating the value of the undrained shear strength cu normalizing the parameter relative to the in situ effective vertical stress σ′vo and loading history (overconsolidation stress σ′p and overconsolidation ratio OCR) of the soil. The study demonstrated that the concept of normalization of soil properties can also be used for testing elastic modulus Eu50 of consolidated natural clays and normalized values of geotechnical parameters taking into account the state of stress and load history can be correlated with the value of the overburden pressure.

Permeability characterization of the Soultz and Ogachi large‐scale reservoir using induced microseismicity

Geophysics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Audigane ◽  
Jean‐Jacques Royer ◽  
Hideshi Kaieda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Difference

Hydraulic fracturing is a common procedure to increase the permeability of a reservoir. It consists in injecting high‐pressure fluid into pilot boreholes. These hydraulic tests induce locally seismic emission (microseismicity) from which large‐scale permeability estimates can be derived assuming a diffusion‐like process of the pore pressure into the surrounding stimulated rocks. Such a procedure is applied on six data sets collected in the vicinity of two geothermal sites at Soultz (France) and Ogachi (Japan). The results show that the method is adequate to estimate large‐scale permeability tensors at different depths in the reservoir. Such an approach provides permeability of the medium before fracturing compatible with in situ measurements. Using a line source formulation of the diffusion equation rather than a classical point source approach, improvements are proposed for accounting in situation where the injection is performed on a well section. This technique applied to successive fluid‐injection tests indicates an increase in permeability by an order of magnitude. The underestimates observed in some cases are attributed to the difference of scale at which the permeability is estimated (some 1 km3 corresponding to the seismic active volume of rock compared to a few meters around the well for the pumping or pressure oscillation tests). One advantage of the proposed method is that it provides permeability tensor estimates at the reservoir scale.

scholarly journals In-situ Effects of Eutrophication and Overfishing on Physiology and Bacterial Diversity of the Red Sea Coral Acropora hemprichii

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e62091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Jessen ◽  
Javier Felipe Villa Lizcano ◽  
Till Bayer ◽  
Cornelia Roder ◽  
Manuel Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Red Sea

In-Situ Stress State and Tectonic Regime in Different Depths of Earth Crust

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Taherynia ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Fatemi Aghda ◽  
Ahmad Fahimifar
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Tectonic Regime ◽  
Different Depths

scholarly journals Research on deformation of submarine slope in Zhoushan Islands by in-situ observation

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Tianyang Liang ◽  
Liang Xue ◽  
Yankai Hou ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Hongxian Shan
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Observation System ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Deformation ◽  
Submarine Slope ◽  
Different Depths

Instability of submarine slopes in Zhoushan Islands is widespread. Frequent submarine landslides pose a great threat to offshore facilities such as submarine optical cables, reclamation projects, ports and docks. In this paper, a self-developed in-situ observation system is used to observe the deformation of submarine slopes on the southwest side of Zhujiajian Island in Zhoushan Islands for 75 days. The results show that the deformation characteristics of sediments at different depths of the submarine slope are different, and the lateral deformation of bottom sediments is about 0.75 mm, which is three times as much as the deformation of overlying sediments. The deformation process presents a step-like change, and the deformation direction is consistent with the trend of submarine slope.

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