scholarly journals Apoptosis and Autophagy in Picornavirus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Sun ◽  
Xingjian Wen ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Sai Mao ◽  
Anchun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picornavirus Infection

scholarly journals Picornavirus Infection of Esophageal Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. AB45
Author(s):  
Vinay Goswamy ◽  
Paul Fichtinger ◽  
Elizabeth McKernan ◽  
Sameer Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Picornavirus Infection ◽  
Esophageal Epithelial Cells

Disrupted spatial memory is a consequence of picornavirus infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Buenz ◽  
Moses Rodriguez ◽  
Charles L. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Picornavirus Infection

scholarly journals Coxsackievirus B3 Responds to Polyamine Depletion via Enhancement of 2A and 3C Protease Activity

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney N. Dial ◽  
Patrick M. Tate ◽  
Thomas M. Kicmal ◽  
Bryan C. Mounce
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
3C Protease ◽  
Picornavirus Infection

Polyamines are small positively-charged molecules abundant in eukaryotic cells that are crucial to RNA virus replication. In eukaryotic cells, polyamines facilitate processes such as transcription, translation, and DNA replication, and viruses similarly rely on polyamines to facilitate transcription and translation. Whether polyamines function at additional stages in viral replication remains poorly understood. Picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are sensitive to polyamine depletion both in vitro and in vivo; however, precisely how polyamine function in picornavirus infection has not been described. Here, we describe CVB3 mutants that arise with passage in polyamine-depleted conditions. We observe mutations in the 2A and 3C proteases, and we find that these mutant proteases confer resistance to polyamine depletion. Using a split luciferase reporter system to measure protease activity, we determined that polyamines facilitate viral protease activity. We further observe that the 2A and 3C protease mutations enhance reporter protease activity in polyamine-depleted conditions. Finally, we find that these mutations promote cleavage of cellular eIF4G during infection of polyamine-depleted cells. In sum, our results suggest that polyamines are crucial to protease function during picornavirus infection. Further, these data highlight viral proteases as potential antiviral targets and highlight how CVB3 may overcome polyamine-depleting antiviral therapies.

scholarly journals Bacterial community structure and effects of picornavirus infection on the anterior nares microbiome in early childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahrrouz Caputo ◽  
Beate Zoch-Lesniak ◽  
André Karch ◽  
Marius Vital ◽  
Frederic Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Picornavirus Infection

scholarly journals Endocytosis of Integrin-Binding Human Picornaviruses

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Merilahti ◽  
Satu Koskinen ◽  
Outi Heikkilä ◽  
Eveliina Karelehto ◽  
Petri Susi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Receptor Endocytosis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coxsackievirus A9 ◽  
Picornavirus Infection

Picornaviruses that infect humans form one of the largest virus groups with almost three hundred virus types. They include significant enteroviral pathogens such as rhino-, polio-, echo-, and coxsackieviruses and human parechoviruses that cause wide range of disease symptoms. Despite the economic importance of picornaviruses, there are no antivirals. More than ten cellular receptors are known to participate in picornavirus infection, but experimental evidence of their role in cellular infection has been shown for only about twenty picornavirus types. Three enterovirus types and one parechovirus have experimentally been shown to bind and use integrin receptors in cellular infection. These include coxsackievirus A9 (CV-A9), echovirus 9, and human parechovirus 1 that are among the most common and epidemic human picornaviruses and bind toαV-integrins via RGD motif that resides on virus capsid. In contrast, echovirus 1 (E-1) has no RGD and uses integrinα2β1 as cellular receptor. Endocytosis of CV-A9 has recently been shown to occur via a novel Arf6- and dynamin-dependent pathways, while, contrary to collagen binding, E-1 binds inactiveβ1 integrin and enters via macropinocytosis. In this paper, we review what is known about receptors and endocytosis of integrin-binding human picornaviruses.

scholarly journals Inflammatory monocytes damage the hippocampus during acute picornavirus infection of the brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L Howe ◽  
Reghann G LaFrance-Corey ◽  
Rhianna S Sundsbak ◽  
Stephanie J LaFrance
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Picornavirus Infection ◽  
The Brain

Brain inflammation, neurodegeneration and seizure development following picornavirus infection markedly differ among virus and mouse strains and substrains

2016 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Bröer ◽  
Christopher Käufer ◽  
Verena Haist ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Ingo Gerhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Picornavirus Infection
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