scholarly journals The MaCreA Gene Regulates Normal Conidiation and Microcycle Conidiation in Metarhizium acridum

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxu Song ◽  
Youhui Shi ◽  
HengQing Ji ◽  
Yuxian Xia ◽  
Guoxiong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Microcycle Conidiation

Dipeptidase PEPDA is required for the conidiation pattern shift in Metarhizium acridum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Xueling Su ◽  
Yueqing Cao ◽  
Yuxian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Digital Gene Expression ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Microcycle Conidiation

Filamentous fungi conduct two types of conidiation, typical conidiation from mycelia and microcycle conidiation (MC). Fungal conidiation can shift between the two patterns, which involved a large number of genes in the regulation of this process. In this study, we investigated the role of a dipeptidase gene pepdA in conidiation pattern shift in Metarhizium acridum , which is upregulated in MC pattern compared to typical conidiation. Results showed that disruption of the pepdA resulted in a shift of conidiation pattern from MC to typical conidiation. Metabolomic analyses of amino acids showed that the levels of 19 amino acids significantly changed in Δ pepdA mutant. The defect of MC in Δ pepdA can be rescued when nonpolar amino acids, α-alanine, β-alanine or proline, were added into s ucrose y east extract a gar (SYA) medium. Digital gene expression profiling analysis revealed that PEPDA mediated transcription of sets of genes which were involved in hyphal growth and development, sporulation, cell division, and amino acid metabolism. Our results demonstrated that PEPDA played important roles in the regulation of MC by manipulating the levels of amino acids in M. acridum . IMPORTANCE Conidia, as the asexual propagules in many fungi, are start and end of fungal lifecycle. In entomopathogenic fungi, conidia are the infective form essential for their pathogenicity. Filamentous fungi conduct two types of conidiation, typical conidiation from mycelia and microcycle conidiation. The mechanisms of the shift between the two conidiation patterns remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the dipeptidase PEPDA, a key enzyme from the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum for the hydrolysis of dipeptides, is associated with a shift of conidiation pattern. The conidiation pattern of the Δ pepdA mutant was restored when supplemented with the nonpolar amino acids rather than polar amino acids. Therefore, this report highlights that the dipeptidase PEPDA regulates MC by manipulating the levels of amino acids in M. acridum.

Susceptibilidad de estadios de Sphenarium purpurascens purpurascens (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) a una cepa comercial de Metarhizium acridum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) en Michoacán, México

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. e7959
Author(s):  
Venecia Quesada-Béjar ◽  
Miguel B. Nájera-Rincón ◽  
Enrique Reyes-Novelo ◽  
Carlos E. González-Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de una cepa comercial del hongo entomopatógeno Metarhizium acridum en diferentes estadios del saltamonte plaga Sphenarium purpurascens purpurascens, así como su esporulación a través de bioensayos bajo condiciones de laboratorio, en Michoacán, México. Los estadios más susceptibles fueron las ninfas uno, dos y cuatro, su tiempo de supervivencia promedio fue menor de 6,91 días. El menos susceptible fue el adulto, con un tiempo de supervivencia de 8,36 días. Los estadios con mayor esporulación post mortem fueron ninfas uno, dos y tres. Se registró una asociación negativa moderada entre los estadios de S. p. purpurascens y la esporulación de M. acridum, en estadios avanzados (ninfa 4 y adulto), en los cuales la esporulación fue menor en comparación con los estadios inmaduros. Todos los estadios mostraron tasas de supervivencia por debajo del 5 %, por lo tanto M. acridum se considera una opción viable para controlar esta plaga en el campo.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effect via Endophytism of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Fitness of Myzus persicae and Its Ability to Spread PLRV on Tobacco

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Junior Corneille Fingu-Mabola ◽  
Thomas Bawin ◽  
Frédéric Francis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Diverse Plant

Aphids are major crop pests that transmit more than half of all insect-vectored plant viruses responsible for high yield losses worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control agents mainly used by foliar application to control herbivores, including sap-sucking pests such as aphids. Their ability to colonize plant tissues and to interact with diverse plant pathogenic microorganisms have been reported. In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin) directly applied by contact or/and indirectly via endophytism in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) against the virus vector Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) or not. We found that both contact treatment and endophytic colonization of leaves significantly increased aphid mortality and decreased the fecundity rate when compared to control plants. In addition, on fungal-colonized leaves, viruliferous aphids were more negatively impacted than virus-free ones and nymph mortality was significantly higher than on fungal-free plants. Furthermore, we assessed PLRV transmission by M. persicae on tobacco plants inoculated with either B. bassiana or Metarhizium acridum ((Driver and Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner, and Humber) as source or/and recipient plants. Myzus persicae was found to acquire and transmit PLRV regardless of the treatment. Nevertheless, the infection rate of endophytically colonized plants was lower at a seven-day incubation period and had increased to almost 100% after fifteen days. These results suggest that B. bassiana is effective against aphids, both by contact and via endophytism, and both B. bassiana and M. acridum delayed PLRV infection in tobacco.

Microcycle conidiation in Hirsutella thompsonii

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Latgé ◽  
R. L. Cabrera Cabrera ◽  
M. C. Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hirsutella Thompsonii ◽  
Microcycle Conidiation

A fermenter method for producing conidiospores of the acarine pathogen, Hirsutella thompsonii, was developed using a strain able to produce microcycle conidiation in submerged culture. The morphological changes occurring during microcycle formation were followed under electron microscopy. Growth and sporulation patterns of the fungus were examined in batch culture. An average of 2–5 × 108 spores/mL was obtained after 3 days of growth.

scholarly journals HYD3, a conidial hydrophobin of the fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium acridum induces the immunity of its specialist host locust

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Jiang ◽  
Petros Ligoxygakis ◽  
Yuxian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Metarhizium Acridum ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Fungal Entomopathogen ◽  
Conidial Surface ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Manilensis

AbstractConidial hydrophobins in fungal pathogens of plants1,2, insects3,4, and humans5,6 are required for fungal attachment and are associated with high virulence. They are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of infection by preventing immune recognition5,6. Here, we refute this generalisation offering a more nuanced analysis. We show that MacHYD3, a hydrophobin located on the conidial surface of the specialist entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum, activates specifically the humoral and cellular immunity of its own host insect, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) but not that of other non-host insects. When topically applied to the cuticle, purified MacHYD3 improved the resistance of locusts to both specialist and generalist fungal pathogens but had no effect on the fungal resistance of other insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda and Galleria mellonella. Hydrophobins extracted from the generalist fungal pathogens M. anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana had no effect on the resistance of locusts to fungal infection. Thus, the host locust has evolved to recognize the conidial hydrophobin of its specialist fungal pathogen, whereas conidial hydrophobins from generalist fungi are able to evade recognition. Our results distinguish the immunogenic potential of conidial hydrophobins between specialist and generalist fungi.

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