scholarly journals Targeted Promoter Replacement Reveals That Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 and 2 Specific VP16 Promoters Direct Distinct Rates of Entry Into the Lytic Program in Sensory Neurons in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Thompson ◽  
Nancy M. Sawtell
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Promoter Replacement ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Evades the Effects of Antibody and Complement In Vivo

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (18) ◽  
pp. 9232-9241 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Lubinski ◽  
Ming Jiang ◽  
Lauren Hook ◽  
Yueh Chang ◽  
Chad Sarver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a complement-interacting glycoprotein, gC, and an immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc binding glycoprotein, gE, that mediate immune evasion by affecting multiple aspects of innate and acquired immunity, including interfering with complement components C1q, C3, C5, and properdin and blocking antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Previous studies evaluated the individual contributions of gC and gE to immune evasion. Experiments in a murine model that examines the combined effects of gC and gE immune evasion on pathogenesis are now reported. Virulence of wild-type HSV-1 is compared with mutant viruses defective in gC-mediated C3 binding, gE-mediated IgG Fc binding, or both immune evasion activities. Eliminating both activities greatly increased susceptibility of HSV-1 to antibody and complement neutralization in vitro and markedly reduced virulence in vivo as measured by disease scores, virus titers, and mortality. Studies with C3 knockout mice indicated that other activities attributed to these glycoproteins, such as gC-mediated virus attachment to heparan sulfate or gE-mediated cell-to-cell spread, do not account for the reduced virulence of mutant viruses. The results support the importance of gC and gE immune evasion in vivo and suggest potential new targets for prevention and treatment of HSV disease.

scholarly journals Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 into Primary Sensory Neurons In Vitro Is Mediated by Nectin-1/HveC

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 3307-3311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Richart ◽  
Scott A. Simpson ◽  
Claude Krummenacher ◽  
J. Charles Whitbeck ◽  
Lewis I. Pizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Primary cultures of rat and mouse sensory neurons were used to study the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Soluble, truncated nectin-1 but not HveA prevented viral entry. Antibodies against nectin-1 also blocked infection of rat neurons. These results indicate that nectin-1 is the primary receptor for HSV-1 infection of sensory neurons.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro reactivation impairment of a herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript variant in a rabbit eye model.

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 6989-6993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Trousdale ◽  
I Steiner ◽  
J G Spivack ◽  
S L Deshmane ◽  
S M Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Eye Model ◽  
Rabbit Eye ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Antiviral effect of oryzacystatin, a proteinase inhibitor in rice, against herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro and in vivo.

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Aoki ◽  
T Akaike ◽  
K Abe ◽  
M Kuroda ◽  
S Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

Oryzacystatin (OC) is the first-described cystatin originating from rice seed; it consists of two molecular species, OC-I and OC-II, which have antiviral action against poliovirus in vitro (H. Kondo, S. Ijiri, K. Abe, H. Maeda, and S. Arai, FEBS Lett. 299:48-50, 1992). In the experiments reported here, we investigated the effects of OC-I and OC-II on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro and in vivo. HSV-1 was inoculated onto monolayers of monkey kidney epithelial cells (CV-1 cells) at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 PFU per cell. After adsorption of the virus onto cells, the cultures were incubated in the presence of either OC-I or OC-II in the concentration range of 1.0 to 300 microM, and the supernatant virus yield was quantitated at 24 h. The effective concentration for 90% inhibition of HSV-1 was 14.8 microM, while a cytotoxic effect on CV-1 cells without infection of HSV-1 was not observed below 500 microM OC-I. Therefore, the apparent in vitro chemotherapeutic index was estimated to be more than 33. In the mouse model of HSV-1-induced keratitis and encephalopathy, topical administration of OC-I to the mouse cornea produced a significant decrease in virus production in the cornea (mean virus yields: 3.11 log10 PFU in the treated group and 4.37 log10 PFU in the control group) and significant improvement in survival rates (P = 0.01). The in vivo antiherpetic effect of OC-I was comparable to that of acyclovir, indicating that topical treatment of HSV-1 infection in humans with OC-I might be possible. Our data also suggest the importance of some thiol proteinases, which may be derived from either the host's cells or HSV-1, during the replication process of HSV-1.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Sindbis Virus Self-Replicating RNA Vaccine Potency by Linkage of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 VP22 Protein to Antigen

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2368-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Fang Cheng ◽  
Chien-Fu Hung ◽  
Chee-Yin Chai ◽  
Keng-Fu Hsu ◽  
Liangmai He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Vaccine Potency ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Rna Replicon

ABSTRACT Recently, self-replicating and self-limiting RNA vaccines (RNA replicons) have emerged as an important form of nucleic acid vaccines. Self-replicating RNA eventually causes lysis of transfected cells and does not raise the concern associated with naked DNA vaccines of integration into the host genome. This is particularly important for development of vaccines targeting proteins that are potentially oncogenic. However, the potency of RNA replicons is significantly limited by their lack of intrinsic ability to spread in vivo. The herpes simplex virus type 1 protein VP22 has demonstrated the remarkable property of intercellular transport and provides the opportunity to enhance RNA replicon vaccine potency. We therefore created a novel fusion of VP22 with a model tumor antigen, human papillomavirus type 16 E7, in a Sindbis virus RNA replicon vector. The linkage of VP22 with E7 resulted in a significant enhancement of E7-specific CD8+ T-cell activities in vaccinated mice and converted a less effective RNA replicon vaccine into one with significant potency against E7-expressing tumors. These results indicate that fusion of VP22 to an antigen gene may greatly enhance the potency of RNA replicon vaccines.

Tissue Factor On The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Surface Enhances Infection In Vivo

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 2332-2332
Author(s):  
Michael R Sutherland ◽  
Ayo Y Simon ◽  
Iryna Shanina ◽  
Marc S Horwitz ◽  
Wolfram Ruf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Tissue factor (TF) is a multifunctional transmembrane receptor. As the pivotal initiator of the coagulant response to vascular damage, it accelerates factor (F) VIIa-dependent generation of FXa. However, TF also functions in FVIIa/FXa-dependent cell signaling via protease activated receptors (PARs), and has consequently been implicated in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Our previous work adds to this repertoire by revealing that TF, originating from the host cell membrane, is on the surface of enveloped viruses. Using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) as a model for enveloped viruses, we recently produced TF +/- HSV1 variants, which showed that viral TF enhances infection of cultured cells through a mechanism involving FXa/FVIIa-mediated activation of PAR-2. In the current project we extended these studies in vivo, hypothesizing that TF on the HSV1 surface would enhance infection by influencing the activation of coagulation proteases and/or their role in cell signaling. As before, HSV1 NS strain (with restored glycoprotein C) was propagated in TF- or genetically engineered TF+ human melanoma A7 cells, then purified and quantified. HSV1 TF+ or HSV1 TF- virus (5 x 105 virus plaque forming units of similar particle number) was injected slowly in 100 µL into the tail vein of female, eight-week old balb/c mice. On the third day, organs and blood were harvested. Live virus and total HSV1 genome were evaluated by plaque assays and rtPCR, respectively. Strikingly, production of live HSV1 TF+ (n=13) in the lung, heart, spinal cord, liver and brain was greater by an order of magnitude compared to HSV1 TF- (n=13), which was not detected in some tissues. The presence of TF on HSV1 furthermore increased virus titers in spleen and blood by several fold. Viral replication in organs was corroborated by rtPCR. The procoagulant and signaling functions of TF can be dissected using epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) selective for human TF. These mAbs only recognize HSV1 surface TF and not the endogenous mouse TF. These mAbs or an irrelevant mAb (TIB115, n=8) were administered by intraperitoneal injection 4 hours pre-inoculation (1 mg/mouse). When TF-dependent coagulation and the related effects on cell signaling due to attenuated protease activation was blocked by a potent combination of three mAbs to non-overlapping epitopes (5G9/6B4/9C3; 0.33 mg/mouse each, n=10), reduced levels of live HSV1 TF+ were seen in lung, heart, liver, brain and blood, with concordantly reduced viral genome levels measured by rtPCR. Similar results were obtained with mAb 5G9 alone (n=6), which selective blocks FXa generation. Interestingly, titers of HSV1 TF+ in blood and spleen were not affected by mAB 10H10 (n=6) that has no effect on coagulation, but is an effective direct inhibitor of TF signaling. Despite normal blood titers, mAb 10H10 (n=6) reduced virus titers in heart and brain, but not in other organs. These data demonstrate that virus surface TF is important for HSV1 infection in vivo and indicate that distinct functions of TF contribute to organ-specific tropism. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus type 1-mediated transfer of neurotrophin-3 stimulates survival of chicken auditory sensory neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 321 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Carnicero ◽  
Marlies Knipper ◽  
Justin Tan ◽  
Maria Teresa Alonso ◽  
Thomas Schimmang
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals A herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant deleted for γ34.5 and LAT kills glioma cells in vitro and is inhibited for in vivo reactivation

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Samoto ◽  
Guey-Chuen Perng ◽  
Moneeb Ehtesham ◽  
Yunhui Liu ◽  
Steven L Wechsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus
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