scholarly journals Decreasing Cell Population of Individual Candida Species Does Not Impair the Virulence of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata Mixed Biofilms

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Li ◽  
Juanjuan Liu ◽  
Jing Shao ◽  
Wenyue Da ◽  
Gaoxiang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata

scholarly journals The The Effects of Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamon Derivatives) and Nystatin on Candida Albicans and Candida Glabrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Bakhtiari ◽  
Soudeh Jafari ◽  
Jamileh Bigom Taheri ◽  
Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi ◽  
Zahra Namazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Microdilution Method

BACKGROUND: Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal infections. Today, cinnamon plants have been considered for anti-Candida properties. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde extract (from cinnamon derivatives) on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata species and comparison with nystatin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, cinnamaldehyde and nystatin were used. The specimens included Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were measured for each one by the microdilution method. This experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS: Cinnamaldehyde extract at a concentration of 62.5 μl/ml was able to prevent the growth of Candida albicans, at a concentration of 93.7 μl/ml, causing Candida albicans to disappear, at 48.8 μl/ml, to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and in the concentration of 62.5 μl/ml, causes the loss of Candida glabrata. In comparison, nystatin at 0.5 μg/ml concentration prevented the growth of Candida albicans, at concentrations of 1 μg/ml causing Candida albicans to be destroyed, at 4 μg/ml concentration to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and at a concentration of 8 μg/ml causes the loss of Candida glabrata. The results were the same every three times. CONCLUSIONS: Although cinnamaldehyde extract had an effect on fungal growth in both Candida albicans and Candida glabrata with a fatal effect; the effect on these two species was lower than nystatin.

Candida Species

2012 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Shimon Kusne ◽  
Ann E. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Cell Identification

Candida are oval yeast that are 4 to 6 μ‎m in diameter. They reproduce by budding, usually producing pseudohyphae (budding yeast without full detachment of daughter cell). Identification is usually based on morphology and sugar assimilation. Of the species that are human pathogens the most common (over 60% of cases) is Candida albicans. Others include Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida kefyr (formerly Candida pseudotropicalis), Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida guilliermondii. Disease manifestations and treatment are reviewed.

scholarly journals In vitro kill curves of a new semisynthetic echinocandin, LY-303366, against fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant Candida species.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Karlowsky ◽  
G A Harding ◽  
S A Zelenitsky ◽  
D J Hoban ◽  
A Kabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Clinical Isolates

In vitro killing by a new semisynthetic echinocandin, LY-303366, was characterized using clinical isolates of fluconazole-sensitive (Y58) and -resistant (Y180) Candida albicans as well as Candida glabrata (Y7) and Candida krusei (Y171). The 24-h kill curves for Y58 and Y180 demonstrated dose-independent killing of between 1 and 2 log10 with LY-303366 at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 1,000 times the MIC. Regrowth did not occur at 24 h with either C. albicans isolate at the aforementioned LY-303366 concentrations. At their MICs, LY-303366 and amphotericin B produced similar killing kinetics in cultures of Y58, Y180, Y7, and Y171, while all cultures exposed to fluconazole at its MIC demonstrated stasis or growth over 24 h.

scholarly journals RELIABILITY OF QUANTIFICATION OF CANDIDA SPECIES COLONIES USING ALTERNATIVE PLATING METHODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Raquel De Annunzio ◽  
Filipe Silveira Fusco ◽  
Carolina Santezi Santezi ◽  
Bárbara Donadon Reina ◽  
Lívia Nordi Dovigo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Drop Plate

Objective: to evaluate the concordance of different plating methods for quantification of Candida species colonies. Method: standardized suspensions of reference strains (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei) were submitted to serial dilution and plating according to methods of track-dilution (TDM), drop plate (DPM) and the conventional spread plate (SPM). Data were submitted to construction of Bland–Altman diagrams, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and ANOVA (⍺=5%). Results: adequate concordance between the methods (CCI >0.71) was observed, and the execution of DPM was the fastest (p<0.001). However, DPM and TDM appear to result in greater values compared to SPM, especially for C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Conclusion: C. albicans and C. glabrata can be plated with DPM and TDM, but the use of these methods for C. krusei and C. tropicalis may result in count variation.

scholarly journals Molecular and conventional methods for detection of Candida species isolated from a sample of immunocompromised Iraqi patients with pulmonary symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Culture Result ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Conventional Methods

Objectives Candida species has emerged as a potentially pathogenic fungus rather than benefit mucosal commensal in patients with pulmonary diseases. Therefore, our study was carried out to detect Candida species in sputum samples from patients with pulmonary diseases using conventional and molecular methods.Methods A total of 100 sputum samples obtained from patients with pulmonary symptoms such as chronic productive cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and fever were included in this study. Sputum samples were dispensed into three specimen parts; the first one was applicated for cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 37°C for 48 h and then the purified colony of Candida underwent biochemical tests including API, Candida strips, and germ tube. The second part was undergone direct gram stain, while the third part was applicated for DNA extraction and then molecular diagnosis with PCR technique using specific primers.Results Culture result revealed 43 positive samples for Candida species out of 100 samples. Among these positive samples, 23 (53.5%) were positive for C. albicans in each of culture and germ tube. API 20 Candida found that (40) samples were positive for Candida species as, 23 (57.5%) represent Candida albicans, 8 (20.0%) Candida glabrata, 4 (10.0%) Candida parapslosis, 4(10.0%) Candida tropicalis and only one (2.5%) as Candida krusei. Molecular test revealed that forty one samples out of forty three culture isolates of Candida species were positive as follow twenty three (53.48%), belong Candida albicans, Nine (20.93%) belong Candida glabrata, Six (13.95%) Candida parapslosis, Four (9.30%) belong Candida tropicalis.Conclusion Candida albicans is highly prevalent among patients suffering from bronchopulmonary symptoms. The molecular and conventional methods gave concomitant results as detection tools for the diagnosis of such microorganisms.

scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Candida Species Isolated from the Lower Gastrointestinal Tracts of High-Risk Patients to the New Semisynthetic Echinocandin LY303366 and Other Antifungal Agents

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 2446-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Sheryl A. Zelenitsky ◽  
Michael A. Turik ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Stool Specimens

ABSTRACT Fifty-two percent of stool specimens collected from 1,200 high-risk patients were colonized with yeasts, primarily Candida albicans (53.6%) and Candida glabrata (35.7%). Susceptibilities to all antifungal agents tested, including LY303366, were similar to those reported previously forCandida species isolated from blood.

scholarly journals Antifungal Resistance Pattern of Candida Species Isolated from High Vaginal Swabs of Women Attending a Hospital in Enugu State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Joachim Ohiakwu Ezeadila ◽  
Ikechukwu Okoli ◽  
Christie Amaechi Oyeka
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern

There is an increase in non-albicans Candida (NAC) vulvovaginal candidiasis which is attributed to overuse of antifungal therapy and this has led to antifungal resistance. This study was aimed at determining the antifungal resistance pattern of some clinical isolates of Candida species. Eighty-eight (88) isolates were used which included Candida tropicalis (34), Candida Parapsilosis (21), Candida albicans (20), Candida krusei (7) and Candida glabrata (6). The drugs used were Fluconazole (25µg), Ketoconazole (10µg), Voriconazole (1µg), Nystatin (100Units), Amphotericin B (20µg), Flucytosine (1µg), Clotrimazole (10µg) and Itraconazole (50µg). The susceptibility testing was carried out using the M44-A standard method for yeast disk diffusion testing. Results showed that the percentages of Candida species resistant to Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole and Nystatin were 52.3%, 61.9%, 35.2%, 19.3%, 86.4%, 34.1%,  45.5% and 44.3%,  with inhibition zone diameters ≤14mm, ≤20mm, ≤13mm, <10mm, ≤11mm, ≤11mm, ≤13mm and no inhibition zone diameter respectively. Candida krusei was the most resistant species with 100% resistance to each of Fluconazole, Ketoconazole and Flucytosine. Candida tropicalis was the species with the highest susceptibility (79.4%) to Amphotericin B followed by Candida parapsilosis with inhibition zone diameters ≥15mm. While Candida glabrata showed 100% resistance to each of Flucytosine and Itraconazole, Candida albicans showed 100% resistance to Flucytosine only. Candida glabrata was the only Candida species with 0% resistance to Amphotericin B. The drug to which most of the Candida species were susceptible was Amphotericin B followed by Voriconazole while Flucytosine was the drug with the highest resistance followed by Ketoconazole and Fluconazole. The highest number of susceptible-dose dependent Candida isolates was observed with Ketoconazole (25%), followed by Clotrimazole and Itraconazole, each recording 23.9%. Based on the findings of the present study, Voriconazole is recommended for vaginal candidiasis especially in the study area and also especially for infections caused by Fluconazole-resistant Candida species. This suggests that routine sensitivity testing is pertinent to guiding the choice of antifungal therapy. Thus, indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs should be avoided to reduce the development and spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Vulvovaginitis candidiásica: manifestaciones clínicas según la especie de cándida

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Alexander Bahsas ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Narváez ◽  
Ramón Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

Objective: To characterize the Vulvovaginal Candidiasis clinical manifestations according to the identified Candida species in women who attended to the gynecological service of the Maternidad Concepción Palacios. Methods: Prospective, cross-cutting, non-causal correlational study, which included a probabilistic sample of 203 women. A sample of vaginal secretion for cultivation was taken from each woman, in order to found the different species of fungi and to compare the clinical manifestations between the different cases. Results: There were 165 positive cultivation cases. Among them the two species with the highest frequency were Candida albicans in 105 patients (63.64%) and Candida glabrata in 49 patients (29.70 %). Candida parapsylasis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei were found less frequently. With regard, the correlation between clinical manifestations and the species, the only clinical manifestation that presented statistically significant clinical differences were excoriations in candida tropicalis cases (p-0.012). Conclusions: There were no correlation between the vulvovaginal candidiasis clinical manifestations and the identified Candida species. Keywords: Vaginal candidiasis, Clinical manifestations, Candida species.

Study of the activity of Punica granatum-mediated silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, alone or in combination with azoles or polyenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
José António Santos Souza ◽  
Marta M Alves ◽  
Debora Barros Barbosa ◽  
Maria Manuel Lopes ◽  
Eugénia Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Green Route ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect

Abstract The continuous emergence of Candida strains resistant to currently used antifungals demands the development of new alternatives that could reduce the burden of candidiasis. In this work silver nanoparticles synthesized using a green route are efficiently used, alone or in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B or nystatine, to inhibit growth of C. albicans and C. glabrata oral clinical strains, including in strains showing resistance to fluconazole. A potent inhibitory effect over biofilm formation prompted by the two Candida species was also observed, including in mature biofilm cells. These results foster the use of phytotherapeutics as effective treatments in oral candidiasis.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida glabrata biofilms, and response to farnesol

2021 ◽  
pp. 1608-1614
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sachivkina ◽  
Irina Podoprigora ◽  
Dmitry Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph

Background and Aim: Different Candida species isolated in humans and animals have different types of parasite activity. The most pathogenic species is Candida albicans followed by Candida tropicalis. However, the effects of the morphology of Candida krusei, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida glabrata biofilms on the pathogenicity of these species have not been fully characterized. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature on the effect of farnesol on rare Candida species. This study aimed to check the effect of different farnesol concentrations on the species C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and C. glabrata compared with the strain C. albicans ATCC 10231, which has been widely studied, and is a strong producer of biofilms. Materials and Methods: We studied the morphological and densitometric parameters of biofilms produced by Candida species under the influence of the drug farnesol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). We used a heart brain broth with the addition of 2% bovine blood serum in 96-well plates. To each well, we added 100 μL of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, or C. glabrata culture, and 0.2-400 μM farnesol. The microliter plates were cultured with the lid closed at 37°C for 48 h. Then, the liquid was removed, and the wells were washed 3 times with 200 μL phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.3). Biofilm fixation was performed using 150 μL of 96% ethanol for 15 min. Then, the microliter plates were dried for 20 min at 37°C, a 0.5% solution of crystalline violet was added, and the plates were placed in an incubator at 37°C. After 5 min, the contents of the wells were removed, washed 3 times with 200 μL of phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2), and dried. The dye was extracted by washing with 200 μL of 96% ethanol for 30 min. The results were obtained using a photometric analyzer of enzyme immunoassay reactions at an optical density (OD) wavelength of 450 nm. Results: All of Candida spp. strains tested were susceptible to farnesol at concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 400 μM for C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii, and 12.5 to 400 μM for C. glabrata. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the use of farnesol against biofilms produced by Candida species, but further studies in vivo are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the reduction of OD. To the best of our knowledge, the antimicrobial activity of farnesol against C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and C. glabrata has not been reported previously, although studies have confirmed the inhibitory effect of farnesol on the growth of different microorganisms.

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