scholarly journals Deprivation of the Periplasmic Chaperone SurA Reduces Virulence and Restores Antibiotic Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Klein ◽  
Michael S. Sonnabend ◽  
Lisa Frank ◽  
Karolin Leibiger ◽  
Mirita Franz-Wachtel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Periplasmic Chaperone

scholarly journals Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Human Pus Samples at Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kazmi A
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background: Nosocomial infections are great threat for hospitalized patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as one of the most potent nosocomial pathogens along with its diverse mechanisms to counter the various antimicrobial agents such as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, monobactems, third generation cephalosporins, carbapenams and broad- spectrum penicillins. P. aeruginosa is one of the well-known pyogenic bacteria and is 3rd leading cause of pyogenic infections with the variable frequency depending on geographical region and clinical setting. P. aeruginosa is intimately associated with pyogenic nosocomial infections. Objectives: Since multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa have posed serious threats and are frequently implicated in nosocomial infections. Methods: Pus swab were sampled under aseptic conditions and cultured on blood and Muller Hinton agar. Gram reaction, pigment production, Oxidase, indole reaction and citrate test were used to confirm isolate. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed b Kirby Bauer technique. Results compiled by us in this cross sectional study, showed 58 cases of P. aeruginosa out of 289 cases. This included 43% males and 57% females. Majority of the patients were of young age, with mean age 38 years. Antibiotic sensitivity revealed resistance to gentamicin was 50%, amikacin was 64%, ciprofloxacin and Aztronem 66%, Cefaparazone 69%, Tzaocin 71% and meropenem and sulzone was 79%. While Colistin and Ceftazidime were the most effective in 85% and 89% of cases respectively. The multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa infections accounted for 32.76% of total P. aeruginosa infections. This study reveals high prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms at the set of our study. Based on this study, we suggest adopting the strategies to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections to slow down the rapidly growing multidrug resistance. These strategies may include, stricter antiseptic measures, fastening the recovery process and reducing the hospital stay and considering other alternates. Besides this, we would like to suggest the precise use of antibiotic susceptibility facility to reduce the nosocomial infection associated complications.

scholarly journals Genotypic characterization and novel multilocus sequence types of exoU+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa from different clinical infections and environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hemin E. Othman ◽  
Eric L. Miller ◽  
Jaladet Ms. Jubrael ◽  
Ian S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Highly Virulent

Introduction: The exoU gene, a marker for highly virulent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the major contributor to a wide variety of healthcare-associated infections. Methods: In this study, the antibiotic susceptibility profile, prevalence and genotyping of exoU+ P. aeruginosa were demonstrated. A total of 101 isolates of P. aeruginosa were analysed from different clinical and environmental sources. Results: The antibiotic susceptibility profile classified these isolates as extensively drug resistant (35.6%), multidrug resistant (40.5%) and non-multidrug resistant (23.7%). The prevalence of exoU gene was screened by PCR and 23 exoU+ genotypes were detected which all were clinical isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of seven loci assigned these exoU+ genotypes to 21 sequence types (STs) from which 16 new STs were identified. The prevalent STs were ST-308 and ST-235. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated nucleotide sequences of the seven housekeeping genes, exoUand the ITS region differentiated these exoU+ strains into five main groups. However, distinct evolutionary origins for some new sequence types were also indicated. Conclusions: The studied isolates showed the coexistence of exoU- and exoU+ genotypes of clinical P. aeruginosa in Kurdistan with a majority of MDR and XDR pattern. The prevalent STs found in other hospitals worldwide and at the international level.

scholarly journals Clinical Specimens are the Pool of oprL and toxA Virulence Genes Harboring Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Findings from a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yamuna Chand ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Suprina Sharma ◽  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
First Time

The multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying some virulence genes has become a global public health threat. However, in Nepal, there is no existing report showing the prevalence of oprL and toxA virulence genes among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time in the country to detect the virulence genes (oprL and toxA) and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa. A total of 7,898 clinical specimens were investigated following the standard microbiological procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was examined by the modified disc diffusion method, and virulence genes oprL and toxA of P. aeruginosa were assessed using multiplex PCR. Among the analyzed specimens, 87 isolates were identified to be P. aeruginosa of which 38 (43.68%) isolates were reported as MDR. A higher ratio of P. aeruginosa was detected from urine samples 40 (45.98%), outpatients’ specimens 63 (72.4%), and in patients of the age group of 60–79 years 36 (41.37%). P. aeruginosa was more prevalent in males 56 (64.36%) than in female patients 31 (35.63%). Polymyxin (83.90%) was the most effective antibiotic. P. aeruginosa (100%) isolates harboured the oprL gene, while 95.4% of isolates were positive for the toxA gene. Identification of virulence genes such as oprL and toxA carrying isolates along with the multidrug resistance warrants the need for strategic interventions to prevent the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The findings could assist in increasing awareness about antibiotic resistance and suggest the judicious prescription of antibiotics to treat the patients in clinical settings of Nepal.

scholarly journals 1597. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Meropenem Synergy Testing Against Multi-Drug and Extensively-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S794-S795
Author(s):  
Mary Francine P Chua ◽  
Syeda Sara Nida ◽  
Jerry Lawhorn ◽  
Janak Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Synergy Testing ◽  
Concentration Indices

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) have limited therapeutic options for treatment. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a newer anti-pseudomonal drug effective against resistant PA infections, however resistance against this drug has now also developed and is increasing. In this study, we explored the combination of ceftolozane/tazobactam (CT) and meropenem (MP) as a possible effective regimen against MDR and XDR PA. Methods We obtained 33 non-duplicate isolates of MDR and XDR PA grown from blood, urine and respiratory samples collected from patients admitted between 2015 and 2019 at our two affiliate teaching hospitals. MDR PA was defined as resistance to 3 or more classes of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and XDR PA as resistance to all but two or less classes of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. Antimicrobial preparations of both MP and CT were made according to manufacturer instructions. Susceptibility testing was performed using the checkerboard method in accordance to CLSI guidelines (CLSI M100, 2017). The ATCC 27853 strain of PA used as control. Synergy, additive effect, indifference and antagonism were defined as FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) indices of ≤0.5, >0.5 to <1, >1 to <4, and >4, respectively. Results Thirteen (39%) of 33 PA isolates were classified as XDR, while 20 (61%) PA isolates were MDR. All isolates were resistant to MP (MIC50 >32 ug/mL), while only 2 (6%) isolates were susceptible to CT (MIC50 64 ug/mL). A synergistic effect was seen in 9 (27.3%) of PA isolates (FIC index range 0.28 to 0.5)— 2 of which were XDR PA, and 7 were MDR PA. An additive effect was seen in 12 (36.4%), with indifference seen in 12 (36.4%) of isolates. In this study, no antagonism was seen when CT and MP were combined. Conclusion When used in combination, CT and MP can exert a synergistic effect against MDR and XDR PA. Additive effect and indifference can also be seen when both antibiotics were used. Moreover, there was no antagonism seen when both antibiotics were combined. This study shows that the use of CT and MP in combination may be an option against XDR and MDR PA infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Cocktail of CuO, ZnO, or CuZn Nanoparticles and Antibiotics for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa via Efflux Pump Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 9799-9810
Author(s):  
Ioanna Eleftheriadou ◽  
Kleoniki Giannousi ◽  
Efthymia Protonotariou ◽  
Lemonia Skoura ◽  
Minas Arsenakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibition

scholarly journals In Vitro Newly Isolated Environmental Phage Activity against Biofilms Preformed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli ◽  
Martina Rossitto ◽  
Paola Rosati ◽  
Nour Essa ◽  
Valentina Crocetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
General Reliability ◽  
Phage Activity

As disease worsens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonizes the lungs, causing pulmonary failure and mortality. Progressively, PA forms typical biofilms, and antibiotic treatments determine multidrug-resistant (MDR) PA strains. To advance new therapies against MDR PA, research has reappraised bacteriophages (phages), viruses naturally infecting bacteria. Because few in vitro studies have tested phages on CF PA biofilms, general reliability remains unclear. This study aimed to test in vitro newly isolated environmental phage activity against PA isolates from patients with CF at Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital (OBG), Rome, Italy. After testing in vitro phage activities, we combined phages with amikacin, meropenem, and tobramycin against CF PA pre-formed biofilms. We also investigated new emerging morphotypes and bacterial regrowth. We obtained 22 newly isolated phages from various environments, including OBG. In about 94% of 32 CF PA isolates tested, these phages showed in vitro PA lysis. Despite poor efficacy against chronic CF PA, five selected-lytic-phages (Φ4_ZP1, Φ9_ZP2, Φ14_OBG, Φ17_OBG, and Φ19_OBG) showed wide host activity. The Φ4_ZP1-meropenem and Φ14_OBG-tobramycin combinations significantly reduced CF PA biofilms (p < 0.001). To advance potential combined phage-antibiotic therapy, we envisage further in vitro test combinations with newly isolated phages, including those from hospital environments, against CF PA biofilms from early and chronic infections.

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