scholarly journals Modeling Effects of Temperature, Soil, Moisture, Nutrition and Variety As Determinants of Severity of Pythium Damping-Off and Root Disease in Subterranean Clover

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming P. You ◽  
Kelly Rensing ◽  
Michael Renton ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Cultivation offers effective management of subterranean clover damping-off and root disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. You ◽  
K. Guo ◽  
D. Nicol ◽  
D. Kidd ◽  
M. H. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Damping Off

scholarly journals Litter decomposition: effects of temperature driven by soil moisture and vegetation type

2018 ◽  
Vol 435 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Petraglia ◽  
Cecilia Cacciatori ◽  
Stefano Chelli ◽  
Giuseppe Fenu ◽  
Giulia Calderisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature, soil moisture and UV radiation on biomarkers and energy reserves of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 224-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno G.C. Ferreira ◽  
Rui G. Morgado ◽  
António Amaro ◽  
Ana Luísa Machado ◽  
Amadeu M.V.M. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora clandestina by some rhizobia and the possible role of Rhizobium trifolii in biological control of Phytophthora root rot of subterranean clover

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Simpfendorfer ◽  
T. J. Harden ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot

The interaction between 29 isolates of Rhizobium and the in vitro growth of 3 strains of Phytophthora clandestina was investigated to determine the potential of these bacteria as biological control agents against root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). The biological control activity of Rhizobium on the severity of root disease in seedlings was also investigated under glasshouse conditions. Thirteen of the 29 Rhizobium isolates caused significant reductions in the hyphal growth of the 3 P. clandestina isolates examined. Inoculation of seedlings with Rhizobium trifolii reduced the severity of root disease by 14–58% with corresponding increases in dry matter production of 20–73%. These results indicate that Rhizobium species have potential as biological control agents against the root rot of T. subterraneum seedlings caused by P. clandestina.

The influence of maturity grading on total yield and seed production in strains of Trifolium subterraneun L. grown as single plants and in swards

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Reverse Situation ◽  
Production Pattern ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Strain

A large number of strains of subterranean clover was grown as single plants and in swards in a series of 1-year experiments. The relationship between the interval from seeding to flowering ("maturity grading") and the production pattern varied according to plant density. In the case of single plants, both total yields and seed yields increased linearly with increasing maturity grading. With swards, on the other hand, total yields showed scarcely any relation to increasing maturity grading – there was a slight decline, in fact – while seed production fell rapidly. Hence the early strain Dwalganup gave the lowest seed yields as single plants, but the highest seed yields in swards, whereas the reverse situation held for the late strains Wenigup and Tallarook. The main factor responsible for the differences in these production patterns was considered to be available soil moisture supply. It was shown that in the few cases where soil moisture was severely limiting in spring for single plants, yields levelled off (and seed yields even declined) at higher maturity gradings. Three points are discussed at some length: the influence of environment on the seed yield of strains grown as single plants, the effect of plant density on the ratio seed weight/total weight, and production in relation to maturity grading in swards.

Severity of root rot in mature subterranean clover and associated fungal pathogens in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiernan A. O'Rourke ◽  
Tim T. Scanlon ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Len J. Wade ◽  
Alan C. McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Tap Root

Pasture decline is considered to be a serious challenge to agricultural productivity of subterranean clover across southern Australia. Root disease is a significant contributing factor to pasture decline. However, root disease assessments are generally carried out in the early part of the growing season and in areas predominantly sown to permanent pastures. For this reason, in spring 2004, a survey was undertaken to determine the severity of root disease in mature subterranean clover plants in pastures located in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. DNA-based soil assays were used to estimate population density in the soil of a variety of soil-borne pathogens known to commonly occur in the Mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia. The relationships between severity of disease on tap and lateral roots and root diameter, root length, nodulation, and total rainfall were determined. The survey showed, for the first time, that severe root disease is widespread in spring across the wheatbelt of Western Australia. There was a positive correlation between rainfall and tap root disease, and between tap root disease and average root diameter of the entire root system. Despite the high levels of root disease present across the sites, the DNA of most root disease pathogens assayed was detected in trace concentrations. Only Pythium Clade F showed high DNA concentrations in the soil. DNA concentrations in the soil, in particular for Phytophthora clandestina and Rhizoctonia solani AG 2.1 and AG 2.2, were higher in the smaller autumn sampling in 2006. This study suggests that the productivity of subterranean clover-based pastures is severely compromised by root rot diseases throughout the growing season in the wheatbelt of Western Australia.

Propanil Plus Methyl Parathion on Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Wills ◽  
Joe E. Street
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Wilting Point

Effects of propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide] applied to three- to four-leaf rice (Oryza sativaL.) 1 or 7 days before, after, or tank mixed with methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) were determined under different environmental conditions. Field experiments determined the effect on yield of drill-seeded rice, ‘Labelle’ for two planting dates in 1982 and ‘Lemont’ for one planting date in 1986. Treatments were applied at sunrise and at noon. Growth chamber and greenhouse experiments determined the effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and soil moisture on response of Labelle rice. In all experiments, propanil, both alone and with methyl parathion, resulted in 20 to 30% leaf burn during the first week after treatment with rapid recovery to less than 10% injury after 3 to 4 weeks. In field experiments, yields were not reduced in the treated rice below that in the untreated controls. In controlled-environment experiments, rice was not injured by propanil plus methyl parathion more than by propanil alone after 2 to 4 weeks. Both treated and untreated rice were injured more by the environmental conditions of high (40 C) temperature, low (40%) RH, and low (near the wilting point) soil moisture than by low (30 C) temperature, high (100%) RH, and flooded soil.

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