scholarly journals Repetitive Short-Term Stimuli Imposed in Poor Mixing Zones Induce Long-Term Adaptation of E. coli Cultures in Large-Scale Bioreactors: Experimental Evidence and Mathematical Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Nieß ◽  
Michael Löffler ◽  
Joana D. Simen ◽  
Ralf Takors
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals Two Stage Continuous Gesture Recognition Based on Deep Learning

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Huogen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Features ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Depth Sequences

The paper proposes an effective continuous gesture recognition method, which includes two modules: segmentation and recognition. In the segmentation module, the video frames are divided into gesture frames and transitional frames by using the information of hand motion and appearance, and continuous gesture sequences are segmented into isolated sequences. In the recognition module, our method exploits the spatiotemporal information embedded in RGB and depth sequences. For the RGB modality, our method adopts Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Networks to learn long-term spatiotemporal features from short-term spatiotemporal features obtained from a 3D convolutional neural network. For the depth modality, our method converts a sequence into Dynamic Images and Motion Dynamic Images through weighted rank pooling and feed them into Convolutional Neural Networks, respectively. Our method has been evaluated on both ChaLearn LAP Large-scale Continuous Gesture Dataset and Montalbano Gesture Dataset and achieved state-of-the-art performance.

scholarly journals Protein Aggregation in E. coli : Short Term and Long Term Effects of Nutrient Density

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulfat I. Baig ◽  
Bharati J. Bhadbhade ◽  
Dincy Mariyam ◽  
Milind G. Watve
Keyword(s):  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nutrient Density

scholarly journals Assessment of short/long term electric field strength measurements for a pilot district

Open Physics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Cetin Kurnaz ◽  
Dogan Yildiz ◽  
Serap Karagol
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Day By Day

Abstract The level of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure increases day by day as natural consequences of technological developments. In recent years, the increasing use of cellular systems has made it necessary to measure and evaluate EMR originating from base stations. In this study, broadband and band selective electric field strength (E) measurements were taken at four different times in order to evaluate the change of short term E in Atakum district of Samsun, Turkey. The measurements were collected from 46 different locations using a SRM 3006 and a PMM 8053 EMR meter in a band from 100 kHz to 3 GHz, and the maximum E (Emax) and the average E (Eavg) were recorded. The highest values have been noticed in these measurements at 9.45 V/m and 17.53 V/m for Eavg and Emax respectively. Apart from these measurements, 24 hour long term E measurements were taken at a location where the highest value was observed and analyzed, to observe the change of Es during a day. At the end of the study, a tentative mathematical model that helps in computing the total E of the medium with 95% accuracy, was obtained.

scholarly journals Challenges in modelling isoprene and monoterpene emission dynamics of Arctic plants: a case study from a subarctic tundra heath

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6651-6667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tang ◽  
Guy Schurgers ◽  
Hanna Valolahti ◽  
Patrick Faubert ◽  
Päivi Tiiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Arctic Plants ◽  
Scale Modelling

Abstract. The Arctic is warming at twice the global average speed, and the warming-induced increases in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions from Arctic plants are expected to be drastic. The current global models' estimations of minimal BVOC emissions from the Arctic are based on very few observations and have been challenged increasingly by field data. This study applied a dynamic ecosystem model, LPJ-GUESS, as a platform to investigate short-term and long-term BVOC emission responses to Arctic climate warming. Field observations in a subarctic tundra heath with long-term (13-year) warming treatments were extensively used for parameterizing and evaluating BVOC-related processes (photosynthesis, emission responses to temperature and vegetation composition). We propose an adjusted temperature (T) response curve for Arctic plants with much stronger T sensitivity than the commonly used algorithms for large-scale modelling. The simulated emission responses to 2 °C warming between the adjusted and original T response curves were evaluated against the observed warming responses (WRs) at short-term scales. Moreover, the model responses to warming by 4 and 8 °C were also investigated as a sensitivity test. The model showed reasonable agreement to the observed vegetation CO2 fluxes in the main growing season as well as day-to-day variability of isoprene and monoterpene emissions. The observed relatively high WRs were better captured by the adjusted T response curve than by the common one. During 1999–2012, the modelled annual mean isoprene and monoterpene emissions were 20 and 8 mg C m−2 yr−1, with an increase by 55 and 57 % for 2 °C summertime warming, respectively. Warming by 4 and 8 °C for the same period further elevated isoprene emission for all years, but the impacts on monoterpene emissions levelled off during the last few years. At hour-day scale, the WRs seem to be strongly impacted by canopy air T, while at the day–year scale, the WRs are a combined effect of plant functional type (PFT) dynamics and instantaneous BVOC responses to warming. The identified challenges in estimating Arctic BVOC emissions are (1) correct leaf T estimation, (2) PFT parameterization accounting for plant emission features as well as physiological responses to warming, and (3) representation of long-term vegetation changes in the past and the future.

Contrasting tactical and strategic dynamics on a Clausewitz landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Rodrick Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time

Statistical models based on the asymptotic limit theorems of control and information theories allow formal examination of the essential differences between short-time “tactical” confrontations and a long-term “strategic” conflict dominated by evolutionary process. The world of extended coevolutionary conflict is not the world of sequential “muddling through.” The existential strategic challenge is to take cognitive control of a long-term dynamic in which one may, in fact, be “losing” most short-term confrontations. Winning individual battles can be a relatively direct, if not simple or easy, matter of sufficient local resources, training, and resolve. Winning extended conflicts is not direct, and requires management of subtle coevolutionary phenomena subject to a dismaying punctuated equilibrium more familiar from evolutionary theory than military doctrine. Directed evolution has given us the agricultural base needed for large-scale human organization. Directed coevolution of the inevitable conflicts between the various segments of that organization may be needed for its long-term persistence.

scholarly journals Modelling large timescale and small timescale service variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Marco Gribaudo ◽  
Illés Horváth ◽  
Daniele Manini ◽  
Miklós Telek
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Time Distribution ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Short Term Variability

Abstract The performance of service units may depend on various randomly changing environmental effects. It is quite often the case that these effects vary on different timescales. In this paper, we consider small and large scale (short and long term) service variability, where the short term variability affects the instantaneous service speed of the service unit and a modulating background Markov chain characterizes the long term effect. The main modelling challenge in this work is that the considered small and long term variation results in randomness along different axes: short term variability along the time axis and long term variability along the work axis. We present a simulation approach and an explicit analytic formula for the service time distribution in the double transform domain that allows for the efficient computation of service time moments. Finally, we compare the simulation results with analytic ones.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Girard ◽  
Marcel Lichters ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Dipayan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ambient Scents ◽  
Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

Robot perceptual adaptation to environment changes for long-term human teammate following

2020 ◽  
pp. 027836491989662
Author(s):  
Sriram Siva ◽  
Hao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environment Changes ◽  
Depth Sensors ◽  
Robot Perception

Perception is one of the several fundamental abilities required by robots, and it also poses significant challenges, especially in real-world field applications. Long-term autonomy introduces additional difficulties to robot perception, including short- and long-term changes of the robot operation environment (e.g., lighting changes). In this article, we propose an innovative human-inspired approach named robot perceptual adaptation (ROPA) that is able to calibrate perception according to the environment context, which enables perceptual adaptation in response to environmental variations. ROPA jointly performs feature learning, sensor fusion, and perception calibration under a unified regularized optimization framework. We also implement a new algorithm to solve the formulated optimization problem, which has a theoretical guarantee to converge to the optimal solution. In addition, we collect a large-scale dataset from physical robots in the field, called perceptual adaptation to environment changes (PEAC), with the aim to benchmark methods for robot adaptation to short-term and long-term, and fast and gradual lighting changes for human detection based upon different feature modalities extracted from color and depth sensors. Utilizing the PEAC dataset, we conduct extensive experiments in the application of human recognition and following in various scenarios to evaluate ROPA. Experimental results have validated that the ROPA approach obtains promising performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, and effectively adapts robot perception to address short-term and long-term lighting changes in human detection and following applications.

scholarly journals Electrospun Active Biopapers of Food Waste Derived Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with Short-Term and Long-Term Antimicrobial Performance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Figueroa-Lopez ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
Daniela Enescu ◽  
Luis Cabedo ◽  
Miguel A. Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Performance ◽  
And Migration

This research reports about the development by electrospinning of fiber-based films made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) derived from fermented fruit waste, so-called bio-papers, with enhanced antimicrobial performance. To this end, different combinations of oregano essential oil (OEO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were added to PHBV solutions and electrospun into mats that were, thereafter, converted into homogeneous and continuous films of ~130 μm. The morphology, optical, thermal, mechanical properties, crystallinity, and migration into food simulants of the resultant PHBV-based bio-papers were evaluated and their antimicrobial properties were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in both open and closed systems. It was observed that the antimicrobial activity decreased after 15 days due to the release of the volatile compounds, whereas the bio-papers filled with ZnONPs showed high antimicrobial activity for up to 48 days. The electrospun PHBV biopapers containing 2.5 wt% OEO + 2.25 wt% ZnONPs successfully provided the most optimal activity for short and long periods against both bacteria.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Responses of Escherichia coli K-12 and O157:H7 Associated with Lettuce Leaves

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1752-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Fink ◽  
Elaine P. Black ◽  
Zhe Hou ◽  
Masayuki Sugawara ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis recently caused byEscherichia coliO157:H7 have been linked to the consumption of leafy green vegetables. Although it is known thatE. colisurvives and grows in the phyllosphere of lettuce plants, the molecular mechanisms by which this bacterium associates with plants are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identifyE. coligenes relevant to its interaction, survival, or attachment to lettuce leaf surfaces, comparingE. coliK-12, a model system, andE. coliO157:H7, a pathogen associated with a large number of outbreaks. Using microarrays, we found that upon interaction with intact leaves, 10.1% and 8.7% of the 3,798 shared genes were differentially expressed in K-12 and O157:H7, respectively, whereas 3.1% changed transcript levels in both. The largest group of genes downregulated consisted of those involved in energy metabolism, includingtnaA(33-fold change), encoding a tryptophanase that converts tryptophan into indole. Genes involved in biofilm modulation (bhsAandybiM) and curli production (csgAandcsgB) were significantly upregulated inE. coliK-12 and O157:H7. BothcsgAandbhsA(ycfR) mutants were impaired in the long-term colonization of the leaf surface, but onlycsgAmutants had diminished ability in short-term attachment experiments. Our data suggested that the interaction ofE. coliK-12 and O157:H7 with undamaged lettuce leaves likely is initiated via attachment to the leaf surface using curli fibers, a downward shift in their metabolism, and the suppression of biofilm formation.

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