scholarly journals Fungal Root Microbiome from Healthy and Brittle Leaf Diseased Date Palm Trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Reveals a Hidden Untapped Arsenal of Antibacterial and Broad Spectrum Antifungal Secondary Metabolites

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedia B. Mefteh ◽  
Amal Daoud ◽  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Faizah N. Alenezi ◽  
Lenka Luptakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Root Microbiome

scholarly journals First report of Fusarium proliferatum on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Jordan

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholoud Alananbeh ◽  
Monther M Tahat ◽  
Haitham Al-Taweel
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Β Tubulin

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the world’s oldest cultivated fruit crops. In Jordan, date palm farming started in the 1990s. The major date palm planting areas are Jordan valley, Aqaba, and Azraq (Al Antary et al., 2015). ‘Medjool’ and ‘Barhi’ are the two major cultivars in Jordan. In early 2018, some 18- to 24- month old date palm trees (cv ‘Medjool’) showed light brownish discoloration and dryness symptoms on the leaves and branches of infected date palm trees at the Jordan University Agricultural Research Station (JUARS) at the Jordan Valley (GPS coordinates 32.086871, 35.597219) (Figure 1). All the leaf parts including leaf base, spines, and leaflets were wrinkled and malformed. The infection led to a loss of 1-2% out of 1100 total Medjool trees at the station. Similar symptoms were observed in many date palm farms in the Jordan Valley. Diseased samples from rachis tissue from the JUARS were collected, surface sterilized with 5% sodium hypochlorite for five minutes, rinsed with distilled water for three times, dried, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (HIMEDIA). The plates were incubated at 25°C for seven days. After that, different fungal colonies were purified using the hyphal tip method. Mycelium of a representative isolate (FpDP2018JO-01) was harvested, DNA extracted using the CTAB protocol (Doyle and Doyle, 1990), amplified with three primers: ITS1/4 (White et al., 1990), β-tubulin and the elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1) gene regions. Amplicons were sequenced at Macrogen Inc, South Korea. Sequences were edited via MEGA 7 software (Kumar et al., 2016) and Blastn at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) which was used to search for similar accessions. The sequences were submitted to the GenBank and accession numbers were received for ITS1/2 (MK522076), β-tubulin (MK720958) and elongation factor 1 alpha (MW533146). The sequences were further used at the Fusarium MLST (https://fusarium.mycobank.org/) for identity confirmation. ITS1/4 and β-tubulin could not discriminate the species Fusarium proliferatum but EF1 – alpha could (Figure 2a-c; Supplement 1). For morphological identification, four representative F. proliferatum isolates (FpDP2018JO-01- FpDP2018JO-04) were used. Mycelium were white to dark purple in color, macroconidia (20.5 - 44.5 × 3.3 - 7.5 μm) were thin, slender, with 3-5 septa, and microconidia (4.3 – 12.1 × 2.5 – 4.3 μm) were thin and aseptate (Figure 3). Koch’s postulate was performed on one-year-old seedlings according to Abdalla et al., 2000 method using the same sequenced isolate (FpDP2018JO-01). Five plants were inoculated by injecting 2 mlof inoculum into the crown area using a hypodermic needle and syringe. The inoculum was prepared according to Abdalla et al. (2000). The control set of seedlings (n=5) were injected with sterile distilled water. The experiment was arranged in a CRD design. Symptoms were evaluated three months after inoculation. On seedlings, yellowing of leaflets, discoloration of spines and rachis, and dryness of leaves were observed. Control seedlings showed no symptoms. Re-isolation form the detached leaves and infected seedlings was conducted to satisfy Koch’s postulates. Fusarium sp. was confirmed to be F. proliferatum based on their microscopic characteristics. To our knowledge, this is the first record of F. proliferatum on date palm in Jordan. Date palm in Jordan especially ‘Medjool’ is an important cash crop. Fusarium spp. is an important pathogen that could cause huge losses on date palm and other crops. In Jordan, the pathogen has been isolated from samples from six farms so far, but detailed studies have not been conducted. It would be of importance to survey date palm farms for fungal diseases, test their pathogenicity using several isolates, and characterize them for proper management strategies. F. proliferatum was isolated from roots and leaves of declining date palm trees from many regions of Saudi Arabia and caused symptoms similar to those of F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, the causal agent of Bayoud (Abdalla et al. 2000; Saleh et al. 2016). Notonly that, but F. proliferatum was found to have the highest colonization abilities on date palm leaflets and is becoming serious pathogen on date palm (Saleh et al. 2016

scholarly journals Use of Olive Mill Wastewaters as Bio-Insecticides for the Control of Potosia Opaca in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelilah Meddich ◽  
Abderrahim Boutasknit ◽  
Mohamed Anli ◽  
Meriame Ait Ahmed ◽  
Abdelilah El Abbassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
The North ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Olive Mill

The date palm is one of the most economically important perennial plants of the North Africa and in Morocco, where it is extensively cultivated for food and many other commercial purposes. Palm trees are threatened by many pests such as Potosia opaca newly identified in Morocco, especially in Marrakesh and Errachidia regions. In addition, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are an environmental problem in olive oil producing countries such as Morocco. Generally, these effluents are drained into ecosystems without any pre-treatment. To reduce their negative impact and to get benefits in particular from their high phenolic content, OMW were used as bio-insecticides in crude form. The results showed that crude OMW were effective to control this pest causing a weight loss similar to Cordus insecticide (17% vs. 15%) and mortality almost similar to Kemaban insecticide. OMW’s biocide potential was related principally to their high phenolic content. Based on HPLC analysis, ten phenolic molecules were identified, including two which were revealed as the major monomeric phenolic compounds in OMW, 0.248 g/L of hydroxytyrosol and 0.201 g/L of tyrosol. In this chapter, the potential use of OMW as bio-insecticides for the control of P. opaca in date palm is discussed.

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) secondary metabolites: Bioactivity and pharmaceutical potential

Phytomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 483-531
Author(s):  
Heba I. Mohamed ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
S. Mohan Jain ◽  
Jameel M. Al-Khayri
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L

scholarly journals In-Site and Ex-Site Date Palm Exposure to Heavy Metals Involved Infra-Individual Biomarkers Upregulation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Zayneb Chaâbene ◽  
Agnieszka Rorat ◽  
Walid Kriaa ◽  
Imen Rekik ◽  
Hafedh Mejdoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Metal Incorporation

As a tree of considerable importance in arid regions—date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. survival in contaminated areas of Sfax city has drawn our attention. Leaf samples of the plants grown in the study area showed high levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr). On the basis of this finding, the cellular mechanisms that explain these metal accumulations were investigated in controlled conditions. After four months of exposure to Cd, Cr, or Cu, high bioconcentration and translocation factor (TF > 1) have been shown for date palm plantlets exposed to Cd and low TF values were obtained for plantlets treated with Cr and Cu. Moreover, accumulation of oxidants and antioxidant enzyme activities occurred in exposed roots to Cu and Cd. Secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, were enhanced in plants exposed at low metal concentrations and declined thereafter. Accumulation of flavonoids in cells may be correlated with the expression of the gene encoding Pdmate5, responsible for the transport of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. Other transporter genes responded positively to metal incorporation, especially Pdhma2, but also Pdabcc and Pdnramp6. The latter would be a new candidate gene sensitive to metallic stress in plants. Expressions of gene coding metal chelators were also investigated. Pdpcs1 and Pdmt3 exhibited a strong induction in plants exposed to Cr. These modifications of the expression of some biochemical and molecular based-markers in date palm helped to better understand the ability of the plant to tolerate metals. They could be useful in assessing heavy metal contaminations in polluted soils and may improve accumulation capacity of other plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Nano-Fertilization and Disper Osmotic in Treating the Salinity of Irrigation Water on the Chemical and Mineral Properties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.(

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem M. Abd ◽  
Ibtihaj H.H. Altemimy ◽  
Hareth M.A. Altemimy
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) in Date Palm Trees Station-Al-Hussinya District-Horticulture and, Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Karbala Governorate. Two cultivars of date palm trees Zahdi and Khistawi were studied. The 27 palm trees for each cultivars were randomly selected, homogeneous in vegetative growth and similar in size and shape. The results showed that the Zahdi cultivar recorded a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll and proline which reached 0.939 mg.g-1 and 12.854. g-1, respectively. The Khistawi cultivar recorded a significant difference in the carbohydrate content of leaf which reached 9.564 µg.g-1 compared to Zahdi cultivar. The results were also showed that superiority of the concentration was 1 g. L-1. palm -1 in all studied characteristics. The study showed that in the concentration of 2 g. L-1. Palm-1 of disper osmotic had significant difference in the most of studied characteristics. Bilateral and triple inequalities have a significant moral effect in all studied characteristics.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Bayoud Disease (Fusarium oxysporum F. Sp. Albedinis) on Deglet-nour Variety of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in South Western Oases of Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakima Belaidi ◽  
Fawzia Toumi-Benali ◽  
Ibrahim Elkhalil Benzohra
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Bayoud Disease

Background: This work has the objective to biocontrol the bayoud disease of date palm caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the major disease in Algerian palm groves of south western region. This in vivo biocontrol was done on date palm variety Deglet-Nour, using two antagonistic fungi species, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus flavus.Methods: Twenty Foa isolates obtained from isolation of the spines carrying the typical symptoms of Bayoud disease were used. Two strains T. harzianum and A. flavus, were isolated from rhizosphere soils of the date palm trees. Using the greenhouse screening test, which was carried out on 3-4 month-old date palm seedlings at the rate of 5 ml of inoculum suspension.Result: A statistical analysis showed a significant (P less than 0.05), difference of Deglet-Nour seedlings reactions against Foa isolates and antagonistic fungi were observed. All date palm trees present susceptibility against Foa until the total mortality of seedlings. The biocontrol test showed that two antagonists showed different reaction, with the complete resistance for seedlings treated by T. harzianum with the mortality rate (rm%) reduced at 100%, while, the second antagonist A. flavus reduced the rm% at 25%. We can apply of these antagonistic fungi to protect our groves contaminated by Bayoud disease and also contain this susceptible commercial variety.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF DATE PALM CULTIVARS FROM GHARDAÏA (SOUTHEAST ALGERIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Abdelkader ALLAM ◽  
Kaouthar DJAFRI ◽  
Meriem BERGOUIA ◽  
El-Haîfa KHEMISSAT ◽  
Mohamed TAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Very High

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an economically important species vital for food security in Algeria, especially for the southern population. There are an estimated 18 million palm trees in Algeria with more than 1000 cultivars. This poorly known resource is unfortunately threatened with extinction. This work was carried out on 24 date palm cultivars, studying their morphological and physicochemical characteristics, such as the weight, length and diameter of the date and the seed, and the consistency, moisture, pH and sugar content of the dates. Ten homogeneous palm trees were selected for each cultivar. From each tree, we collected 40 fruits devoid of their calices (4-5 fruits per bunch), at different heights and orientations in each bunch. The results show that the morphological and physicochemical characteristics vary from one cultivar to another. The dates of most cultivars have a combination of good and bad characteristics. The cultivar Tmar-Bousbaa has very high values for the characteristics weight, length, and diameter of the date and seed (23.16 g, 4.90 cm, 2.85 cm, and 1.53 g, 2.74 cm, 0.94 cm, respectively). The cultivars Takarnait and Halwa have high acidity, varying between 1.08 and 1.92 g/kg of fresh material and a pH of less than 5.46. The cultivar Bouarous has a low sugar content: less than 63%. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyse the whole dataset, revealing high variability among the cultivars. Thus, out of 14 characteristics investigated, ten have been shown to be strong discriminating factors.

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