scholarly journals Local Environmental Conditions Shape Generalist But Not Specialist Components of Microbial Metacommunities in the Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus V. Lindh ◽  
Johanna Sjöstedt ◽  
Michele Casini ◽  
Agneta Andersson ◽  
Catherine Legrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals A three-dimensional view on biodiversity changes: spatial, temporal, and functional perspectives on fish communities in the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 2463-2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Frelat ◽  
Alessandro Orio ◽  
Michele Casini ◽  
Andreas Lehmann ◽  
Bastien Mérigot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Fisheries and marine ecosystem-based management requires a holistic understanding of the dynamics of fish communities and their responses to changes in environmental conditions. Environmental conditions can simultaneously shape the spatial distribution and the temporal dynamics of a population, which together can trigger changes in the functional structure of communities. Here, we developed a comprehensive framework based on complementary multivariate statistical methodologies to simultaneously investigate the effects of environmental conditions on the spatial, temporal and functional dynamics of species assemblages. The framework is tested using survey data collected during more than 4000 fisheries hauls over the Baltic Sea between 2001 and 2016. The approach revealed the Baltic fish community to be structured into three sub-assemblages along a strong and temporally stable salinity gradient decreasing from West to the East. Additionally, we highlight a mismatch between species and functional richness associated with a lower functional redundancy in the Baltic Proper compared with other sub-areas, suggesting an ecosystem more susceptible to external pressures. Based on a large dataset of community data analysed in an innovative and comprehensive way, we could disentangle the effects of environmental changes on the structure of biotic communities—key information for the management and conservation of ecosystems.

scholarly journals Distribution, abundance and environmental conditions of the clonal aquatic fern Salvinia natans (L.) All. in the Vistula delta (Baltic Sea Region)

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gałka ◽  
Józef Szmeja
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vistula Lagoon ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Aquatic Fern ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Salvinia Natans ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Vistula Delta

Abstract We examined the distribution, resources and environmental conditions of the clonal aquatic fern Salvinia natans (L.) All., expansive in the Vistula delta (N Poland). Before 2006, there were 7 stands of this species, while in the years 2006-2010 their number increased to 21. The most abundant populations were found in the rivers: Tuga (133.0±37.6 indiv./0.1 m2), Fiszewka( 79.3±6.0), Szkarpawa (74.7±5.0), Struga Orłowska (61.0±2.0), Nogat (52.3±2.5), Elbląg (40.3±31.8), Wiślano-Zalewowy Canal (61.3±3.2) and in the SW part of Lake Druzno (72.3±2.5). S. natans did not colonise the weakly saline Vistula Lagoon and Elbląg Bay, which belong to the Baltic Sea. The plant under study occurred in shallow (2.2±1.5 m), narrow (17.9±13.6 m), slow-flowing (0.11±0.12 m s-1) and fertile (4.7±4.2 mg TN dm-3, 0.7±0.4 mg TP dm-3) watercourses. The water in them had neutral or alkaline pH (7.2-9.2) and was weakly saline (53.8±21.3 mg Cl dm-3). A dense mat of S. natans significantly affected the environmental conditions in the watercourses: water oxygenation, PAR intensity and concentration of biogenic substances, especially phosphorus, decreased.

Early diagenesis in benthic foraminifera under anoxic conditions from the Landsort Deep, Baltic Sea (IODP Site M0063)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Ni ◽  
Nadine Quintana Krupinski ◽  
Jeroen Groeneveld ◽  
Karen Luise Knudsen ◽  
Per Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Authigenic Carbonates ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The chemical composition of foraminiferal calcite is widely used for studying past environmental conditions and biogeochemistry. However, high rate of microbial-derived organic matter degradation and abundant dissolved metal sources in sediment and pore waters may impede the application of paleoenvironmental proxies due to formation of secondary carbonates on the outside and/or inside of foraminiferal tests. Secondary carbonate precipitation severely alters the foraminiferal geochemistry and can be difficult to eliminate through standard cleaning procedures for foraminiferal trace element analyses. Here we present results of the mineral composition and formation sequence of diagenetic coatings on the tests of foraminifera formed under extreme anoxic conditions in the Baltic Sea deepest basin (the Landsort Deep, IODP Exp. 347, Site M0063), as well as changing trace element concentrations of authigenic carbonates on the test on a millennial time-scale. The focus is on the diagenetic carbonates present on the tests of the low-oxygen tolerant benthic foraminiferal species <em>Elphidium selseyensis</em> and <em>Elphidium clavatum</em>. We applied geochemical and imaging methods by using scanning electron microscope imaging (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy (nano-XRF), RAMAN spectroscopy and laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS, in order to ascertain the sedimentary diagenetic processes, and the foraminiferal authigenic mineral formation sequence. The authigenic carbonates were enriched in Mg, Mn, Fe and Ba, depending on the redox environmental conditions when the authigenic carbonates were precipitated. In particular, concentrations of redox-sensitive elements such as Mn and Fe were increased in bottom waters and sedimentary pore waters under oxygen-depleted conditions in the Landsort Deep, which resulted in Mn- and Fe-enriched carbonate formation. The diagenetic alteration on foraminiferal tests provides potential opportunity to investigate past sedimentary redox environment and primary productivity in the Baltic Sea.</p>

scholarly journals Calcification in a marginal sea – influence of seawater [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] and carbonate chemistry on bivalve shell formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1469-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Thomsen ◽  
Kirti Ramesh ◽  
Trystan Sanders ◽  
Markus Bleich ◽  
Frank Melzner
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Estuarine Coastal

Abstract. In estuarine coastal systems such as the Baltic Sea, mussels suffer from low salinity which limits their distribution. Anthropogenic climate change is expected to cause further desalination which will lead to local extinctions of mussels in the low saline areas. It is commonly accepted that mussel distribution is limited by osmotic stress. However, along the salinity gradient, environmental conditions for biomineralization are successively becoming more adverse as a result of reduced [Ca2+] and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) availability. In larvae, calcification is an essential process starting during early development with formation of the prodissoconch I (PD I) shell, which is completed under optimal conditions within 2 days. Experimental manipulations of seawater [Ca2+] start to impair PD I formation in Mytilus larvae at concentrations below 3 mM, which corresponds to conditions present in the Baltic at salinities below 8 g kg−1. In addition, lowering dissolved inorganic carbon to critical concentrations (< 1 mM) similarly affected PD I size, which was well correlated with calculated ΩAragonite and [Ca2+][HCO3-] ∕ [H+] in all treatments. Comparing results for larvae from the western Baltic with a population from the central Baltic revealed a significantly higher tolerance of PD I formation to lowered [Ca2+] and [Ca2+][HCO3-] ∕ [H+] in the low saline adapted population. This may result from genetic adaptation to the more adverse environmental conditions prevailing in the low saline areas of the Baltic. The combined effects of lowered [Ca2+] and adverse carbonate chemistry represent major limiting factors for bivalve calcification and can thereby contribute to distribution limits of mussels in the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Hazardous substances and classification of the environmental conditions in the Baltic Sea and the Kattegat

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bignert ◽  
Martin Larsen ◽  
Britta Pedersen ◽  
Susan Londesborough ◽  
Jakob Strand
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Modeling the growth rates of cyanobacteria and diatoms in the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Stramska ◽  
Joanna Stoń-Egiert ◽  
Miroslawa Ostrowska ◽  
Jaromir Jakacki
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Phytoplankton Absorption ◽  
The Baltic

&lt;p&gt;Potential influences of various environmental factors on phytoplankton growth rates in the Baltic Sea are discussed. Our focus is on quantitative comparisons of growth rates of two phytoplankton functional types, diatoms and cyanobacteria. Growth rates are calculated as a function of quanta absorbed by phytoplankton. This in turn depends on phytoplankton exposition to light, which was simulated to represent realistic conditions encountered in the Baltic Sea in summer. In addition, phytoplankton absorption capability was characterized by absorption coefficients derived from measurements on phytoplankton mono-cultures isolated from the Baltic Sea. Estimated exposition of phytoplankton to photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) in surface waters can change about five times in case of the same solar surface insolation and water turbidity, solely due to changes in the mixed layer depth from 2 to 20 meters. When additionally changes in water turbidity are considered, phytoplankton PAR exposition can change by one order of magnitude. Light exposition and absorption properties of phytoplankton determine the effectiveness of light absorption. In our simulations for the same species of phytoplankton, changes in light exposition resulted in differences of an order of magnitude of absorbed quanta. The importance of accounting for absorptive properties is underlined through comparisons of the number of quanta absorbed by different phytoplankton types in the same environmental conditions. The effectiveness of light absorption translates to different growth rates achieved by each phytoplankton type. Our results support the notion that knowledge about phytoplankton absorption properties and light exposition is crucial when modeling phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea. Further progress is currently hindered by a lack of systematic information about maximum phytoplankton growth rates and their responses to specific environmental conditions for different functional types. Such information should be inferred in the future in specially designed laboratory experiments, that encompass realistic ranges of phytoplankton exposition to light, nutrients, temperatures and other conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;This work has been funded by the National Science Centre (contract number: 2017/25/B/ST10/00159 entitled: &amp;#8220;Numerical simulations of biological-physical interactions and phytoplankton cycles in the Baltic Sea&amp;#8221;) and by the statutory funds of IOPAN.&lt;/p&gt;

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