scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Tolerance among Thermoanaerobacter Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana I. Alves ◽  
M. Madalena Alves ◽  
Caroline M. Plugge ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Diana Z. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Tolerance

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE GAS PHASE OF AEROSOL OF CIGARETTES AND HEATED TOBACCO STICKS FOR ELECTRIC TOBACCO HEATING SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.Н. МЕДВЕДЕВА ◽  
Т.А. ПЕРЕЖОГИНА ◽  
Е.В. ГНУЧИХ
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Heating Systems

Представлены результаты анализа содержания монооксида углерода, бензола, 1,3-бутадиена в газовой фазе аэрозоля (ГФА) образцов нагреваемых табачных палочек (стики) для электрических систем нагревания табака, пяти марок коммерческих сигарет, контрольной сигареты 3R4F с помощью тестирования на курительной машине в стандартном режиме прокуривания ISO и интенсивном ISO Intense. Установлено значительное снижение содержания монооксида углерода, бензола и 1,3-бутадиена в аэрозоле образцов стиков по режиму ISO Intense и ISO. Количество образующегося монооксида углерода в ГФА образцов стиков составляет 2% от его содержания в ГФА образца контрольных сигарет 3R4F, что подтверждает отсутствие процессов термического разложения (пиролиза) табака. Определено, что в ГФА образцов стиков содержится значительно меньше вредных и потенциально опасных соединений. Установлено снижение содержания бензола и 1,3-бутадиена более чем на 99% по сравнению с контрольным образцом 3R4F и пятью образцами популярных в России марок сигарет. The results of the analysis of the content of carbon monoxide, benzene, 1,3-butadiene in the aerosol gas phase (AGPh) of heated tobacco sticks for electric tobacco heating systems, five brands of commercial cigarettes, 3R4F control cigarette using testing on a Smoking machine in standard ISO smoking mode and ISO Intense are presented. A significant decrease in the content of carbon monoxide, benzene and 1,3-butadiene in stick aerosols according to the ISO Intense and ISO modes was found. The amount of carbon monoxide produced in the effluent AGPh is 2% of its content in the AGPh of 3R4F control cigarettes, which confirms the absence of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of tobacco. It was determined that the AGPh of verses contains significantly fewer harmful and potentially dangerous compounds. A decrease in the content of benzene and 1,3-butadiene was found by more than 99% compared to the control sample of 3R4F cigarettes and five brands of cigarettes popular in Russia.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Modeling from Vehicular Sources in Puebla City, México

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Sthephany Sedeño-Cisneros ◽  
María Auxilio Osorio-Lama ◽  
Miguel Ángel Valera-Pérez ◽  
René Bernardo Elías Cabrera-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell High Carbon Monoxide Tolerance Operation Using Pulsed Heating and Pressure Swing

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Guo ◽  
A. B. M. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Pulsed Heating ◽  
Pressure Swing ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Tolerance

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attractive power plants for use in many applications, including portable power sources, electric vehicles, and on-site combined power/heat plants. Despite the advantages, one of the significant obstacles to PEMFC commercialization is the low tolerance to carbon monoxide (CO). Ideally, PEMFCs should use pure hydrogen fuel. However, because of the difficulties inherent in storing hydrogen onboard, there is an increasing interest in using hydrogen-rich gases produced by reforming hydrocarbon fuels. Fuel reformer produces hydrogen containing a small amount of CO. PEMFC performance degrades when CO is present in the fuel gas, referred to as CO poisoning. This paper presents the results of a novel PEMFC performance study using a pulsed heating device and the feeding channel pressure swing method to mitigate the CO poisoning problem. The effectiveness of these strategies is demonstrated through simulation and experimental work on a single cell. By applying a transient localized heating to the catalyst layer while maintaining the PEMFC membrane at a normal temperature (below 80°C) and by using the feeding channel pressure swing, significant enhancement in the carbon monoxide tolerance level of PEMFCs was found. These approaches could potentially eliminate the need for an expensive selective oxidizer. The CO poisoning process is generally slow and reversible. After applying pulsed heating, the transient high temperature in the catalyst layer could help the recovery of the PEMFC from CO poisoning. By using feeding channel pressure swing, oxygen can easily diffuse into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the outlet port and promote a quick recovery. Using these operational strategies, a PEMFC could operate continually using a high CO concentration fuel.

scholarly journals The Role of Tungsten Oxide in Enhancing the Carbon Monoxide Tolerance of Platinum-Based Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 37079-37091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. G. Stewart ◽  
Keith Scott ◽  
Andrew J. Wain ◽  
Timothy E. Rosser ◽  
Edward Brightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Tolerance
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