scholarly journals Development of sandwich dot-ELISA for specific detection of Ochratoxin A and its application on to contaminated cereal grains originating from India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkataramana ◽  
R. Rashmi ◽  
Siva R. Uppalapati ◽  
S. Chandranayaka ◽  
K. Balakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Dot Elisa

Bioproduction of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid by members of the Aspergillus ochraceus group

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ciegler
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Penicillic Acid ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fluorescent Derivatives

Various strains of species belonging to the Aspergillus ochraceus group (A. ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. alliaceus, A. ostianus, A. melleus, and A. sulphureus) can produce two mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and penicillic acid, on liquid media and in cereal grains. The quantity of each toxin produced is influenced by temperature; low temperature (10 and 20C) favor penicillic acid synthesis and higher (28C), ochratoxin A production. Generally penicillic acid is produced in yields about one to three magnitudes greater than ochratoxin A. A simple fluorodensitometric method for concomitant quantitative analysis of the two toxins has been developed based on conversion of penicillic acid and ochratoxin A to fluorescent derivatives by treatment with ammonia fumes.

Development of a Nanobody-Based Competitive Dot ELISA for Visual Screening of Ochratoxin A in Cereals

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3558-3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichang Sun ◽  
Zhenhua Duan ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Xing Deng ◽  
Zongwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Dot Elisa

Survey of Ochratoxin A in Freshly Harvested Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat in the United States, 2011 and 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE A. KURUC ◽  
FRANK MANTHEY ◽  
SENAY SIMSEK ◽  
CHARLENE WOLF-HALL
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The U.S

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxin produced by some Penicillium and Aspergillus species around the world in a variety of food and feed, especially cereal grains, before harvest but primarily during storage. Durum and hard red spring (HRS) wheat samples were collected right after harvest as part of the U.S. regional crop quality survey in both 2011 (n = 560) and 2012 (n = 654) from the upper Great Plains. All samples were analyzed for OTA contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Overall, 2.1% of the samples were positive for OTA. In 2011, OTA was detected in 1.0% of the durum wheat samples but was not found in HRS wheat. In 2012, 8.3 and 1.4% of the durum and HRS wheat samples, respectively, were positive for OTA. Of the 25 samples that had detectable OTA, 3 samples (12%), all of which were durum wheat, had OTA that exceeded 5 ng/g.

Infestation and Quantification of Ochratoxigenic Fungi in Barley and Wheat Naturally Contaminated with Ochratoxin A

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE KURUC ◽  
JUSTIN HEGSTAD ◽  
HYUN JUNG LEE ◽  
KRISTIN SIMONS ◽  
DOJIN RYU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Cereal grains are a significant source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in the human diet. Multiple ochratoxigenic Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. have been reported as contaminants on various cereal grains around the world, although relatively few species dominate in any given location. Efforts to mitigate the risk of fungal contamination and OTA accumulation can be made pre- and postharvest. Still, a rapid and reliable screening method is sought that can be used to predict the OTA level of a sample and to inform risk assessments prior to processing. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of two OTA-related indices for OTA level prediction. Infestation rates were determined by direct plating for freshly harvested and stored barley, durum, and hard red spring wheat samples (n = 139) with known OTA levels. Presumptive ochratoxigenic isolates were tested for their ability to produce OTA. The nonribosomal peptide synthase (otanpsPN) involved in OTA biosynthesis was used to quantify ochratoxigenic fungi in barley and wheat. Viable Penicillium verrucosum was present in 45% of the samples. In total, 62.7% (n = 110) of the P. verrucosum isolates tested produced OTA on dichloran yeast extract sucrose 18% glycerol agar. Both OTA level and infestation rate (r = 0.30), as well as OTA level and otanpsPN concentration (r = 0.56), were weakly correlated. Neither infestation rate nor otanpsPN concentration is a reliable predictor of OTA level in a sample.

Ochratoxin A contamination of cereal grains and coffee in Hungary in the year 2001

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fazekas ◽  
A. K. Tar ◽  
Melinda Zomborszky-Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin, a secondary metabolite produced by mould fungi belonging to several Aspergillus and Penicillium species. It is formed during the storage of cereal grains and other plant-derived products. OTA ingested by humans and animals with the food or feed may exert deleterious effects on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ochratoxin contamination of the most important potential sources of OTA. The OTA content of cereal samples for human consumption (36 baking wheat, 16 wheat flour and 6 maize coarse meal samples) and feed grain samples (30 feeding wheat, 32 feeding maize and 20 feeding barley samples) collected in the mid-phase or at the end of the storage period and of 50 commercial coffee samples was determined. The analyses were performed by immunoaffinity column - high-performance liquid chromatography (IAC-HPLC). The limit of detection of the method was 0.1 ng/g. Of the wheat samples intended for human consumption, 8.3% contained OTA at 0.29 ng/g on the average (OTA ranges: 0.12-0.5 ng/g; Table 2). The OTA contamination of wheat flour and maize meal samples for human consumption was similar to that of the baking wheat samples. OTA contamination was found in 26.7% of the feeding wheat, 15.6% of the feeding maize and 35% of the feeding barley samples. The average values and the ranges of OTA levels found in the above samples were 12.2 and 0.3-62.8 ng/g, 4.9 and 1.9-8.3 ng/g, and 72 and 0.14-212 ng/g, respectively (Table 3). Sixty-six percent of the coffee samples were contaminated with OA (average level: 0.57 ng/g, ranges: 0.17-1.3 ng/g; Table 4). OTA contamination of baking wheat samples was found to be relatively low, presumably as a result of the favourable weather at harvest and the optimal storage conditions. Calculations made on the basis of the obtained results show that the daily OTA intake of an adult human from edible cereals is only 6.7 ng, while the amount taken up with coffee is 4.1 ng daily. The high prevalence and high levels of OTA contamination in feed grains can be explained by the unfavourable storage conditions, and this finding suggests that OA-related health problems may arise in animals, and that foods of animal origin may be contaminated with this mycotoxin.

scholarly journals Reduction of Ochratoxin A during the Preparation of Porridge with Sodium Bicarbonate and Fructose

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Lee ◽  
Shufang Li ◽  
Kejia Gu ◽  
Dojin Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Rice Porridge

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potential human carcinogen that poses a significant concern in food safety and public health. OTA has been found in a wide variety of agricultural commodities, including cereal grains. This study investigated the reduction of OTA during the preparation of rice- and oat-based porridge by a simulated indirect steam process. The effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and fructose on the reduction of OTA were also investigated. During the processing, OTA in rice- and oat-porridge was decreased by 59% and 14%, respectively, from initial OTA artificially added at 20 μg/kg (dry weight basis). When 0.5% and 1% of sodium bicarbonate were added to rice porridge, increased reduction of OTA was observed as 78% and 68%, respectively. The same amounts of added sodium bicarbonate also further reduced OTA in oat porridge to 58% and 72%, respectively. In addition, increased reduction of OTA in the presence of fructose was observed. A combination of the two, i.e., 0.5% sodium bicarbonate and 0.5% fructose, resulted in a 79% and 67% reduction in rice porridge and oat porridge, respectively. These results indicate that indirect steaming may effectively reduce OTA in preparation of porridge-type products, particularly when sodium bicarbonate and/or fructose are added.

Mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi on cereal grains in western Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Aurantiogriseum

Toxins occasionally present on cereal grains in the field in western Canada include ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea and trichothecenes produced by Fusarium species, particularly Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium graminearum. HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol are the main trichothecenes encountered. During storage of cereals, the predominant toxins and toxigenic fungi are ochratoxin A and citrinin produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, and P. verrucosum and sterigmatocystin produced by Aspergillus versicolor. The incidence of toxin-contaminated grains is extremely low relative to the volume of grains produced. Occurrence of toxins is influenced by field moisture, temperature, and bin storage conditions of a particular year. The risk of toxin production is highest in durum wheat and lowest in oats.Key words: ochratoxin A, citrinin, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, ergot alkaloids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document