scholarly journals Assessment of the stoichiometry and efficiency of CO2 fixation coupled to reduced sulfur oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Klatt ◽  
Lubos Polerecky
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Sulfur

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF THE AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA

1942 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Vogler ◽  
W. W. Umbreit
Keyword(s):  
Bond Energy ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Autotrophic Bacterium

In the autotrophic bacterium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans, the oxidation of sulfur is coupled to transfers of phosphate from the medium to the cells. CO2 fixation is coupled to transfers of inorganic phosphate from the cells to the medium and is dependent, in the absence of concomitant sulfur oxidation, upon the amount of phosphate previously taken up during sulfur oxidation. The energy reservoir, which is formed by sulfur oxidation in the absence of CO2 and which can be released for the fixation of CO2 under conditions which do not permit sulfur oxidation, is a phosphorylated compound and the data suggest that the energy is stored in the cell as phosphate bond energy. It is possible to oxidize sulfur at a constant rate for hours in the absence of CO2. The phosphate energy formed during this process is probably released by cell phosphotases. It is possible to inhibit these phosphotases by means of inorganic phosphate and thus to inhibit sulfur oxidation in the absence of CO2. In the presence of CO2, where alternative uses for the phosphate energy are available, the inhibition is relieved. Sulfur oxidation (energy input) is coupled, not to CO2 fixation, but to phosphate esterification. CO2 fixation (energy utilization) is coupled with phosphate release.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA

1942 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Thiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Autotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Bound

In a study of chemosynthesis (the fixation of CO2 by autotrophic bacteria in the dark) in Thiobacillus thiooxidans, the data obtained support the following conclusions: 1. CO2 can be fixed by "resting cells" of Thiobacillus thiooxidans; the fixation is not "growth bound." 2. The physiological condition of the cell is of considerable importance in determining CO2 fixation. 3. CO2 fixation can occur in the absence of oxidizable sulfur in "young" cells. The extent of this fixation appears to be dependent upon the pCO2. 4. CO2 fixation can also occur under anaerobic conditions and the presence of sulfur does not influence such fixation. 5. However, in the CO2 fixation by cells in the absence of sulfur, only a limited amount of CO2 can be fixed. This amount is approximately 40 µl. CO2 per 100 micrograms bacterial nitrogen. After a culture has utilized this amount of CO2 it no longer has the ability to fix CO2 but releases it during its respiration. 6. Relatively short periods of sulfur oxidation can restore the ability of cells to fix CO2 under conditions where sulfur oxidation is prevented. 7. It is possible to oxidize sulfur in the absence of CO2 and to store the energy thus formed within the cell. It is then possible to use this energy at a later time for the fixation of CO2 in the entire absence of sulfur oxidation. 8. Cultures of Thiobacillus thiooxidans respiring on sulfur utilize CO2 in a reaction which proceeds to a zero concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. 9. CO2 may act as an oxidizing agent for sulfur. 10. Hydrogen is not utilized by the organism. 11. It is possible to selectively inhibit sulfur oxidation and CO2 fixation.

Kinetics and energetics of reduced sulfur oxidation by chemostat cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hazeu ◽  
W. Bijleveld ◽  
J. T. C. Grotenhuis ◽  
E. Kakes ◽  
J. G. Kuenen
Keyword(s):  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Chemostat Cultures ◽  
Reduced Sulfur

Managing total reduced sulfur emissions at a Canadian kraft pulp mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROHAN BANDEKAR ◽  
JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAROSLAV STAVIK
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Total Reduced Sulfur ◽  
Reduced Sulfur ◽  
Air Ingress ◽  
Solids Content

This study addresses the challenges a dissolving-grade pulp mill in Canada faced in 2014 in meeting its total reduced sulfur (TRS) gas emission limit. These emissions from the recovery boiler exit are controlled by passing the boiler exit gas through a TRS scrubber system. The mill employs a cyclonic direct contact evaporator to concentrate black liquor to firing solids content. The off-gases from the direct contact evaporator flow to the effluent gas control system that consists of a venturi scrubber, a packed bed scrubber, and a heat recovery unit. Emissions of TRS greater than the regulated limit of 15 ppm were observed for a 4-month period in 2014. The level of emissions measured during this period was significantly higher than about 12 ppm, the expected average value based on historic experience. The problem persisted from mid-June 2014 until the annual mill shutdown in October 2014. The main TRS components detected and the performance of the Teller scrubber in capturing them are examined. Other potential causes for these emissions are identified, including mechanical problems such as broken packing in the TRS packed bed scrubber, broken baffle plates in the scrubber, and cyclone evaporator leaks causing air ingress. Repairs were carried out during the mill shutdown, which eliminated the TRS emissions problem.

Review on the production of medium and small chain fatty acids through waste valorization and CO2 fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 123400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkateswar Reddy ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Kumar ◽  
Gunda Mohanakrishna ◽  
Sutha Shobana ◽  
Riyadh I. Al-Raoush
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Waste Valorization ◽  
Small Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Ions in Atmospheric Aerosol Measured in a Semi-Arid and Chemical-Industrialized City, Northwest China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Huimin Jiang ◽  
Zhongqin Li ◽  
Feiteng Wang ◽  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Fanglong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Semi Arid

We investigated water-soluble ions (WSIs) of aerosol samples collected from 2016 to 2017 in Lanzhou, a typical semi-arid and chemical-industrialized city in Northwest China. WSIs concentration was higher in the heating period (35.68 ± 19.17 μg/m3) and lower in the non-heating period (12.45 ± 4.21 μg/m3). NO3−, SO42−, NH4+ and Ca2+ were dominant WSIs. The concentration of SO42− has decreased in recent years, while the NO3− level was increasing. WSIs concentration was affected by meteorological factors. The sulfur oxidation and nitrogen oxidation ratios (SOR and NOR) exceeded 0.1, inferring the vital contribution of secondary transformation. Meanwhile higher O3 concentration and temperature promoted the homogeneous reaction of SO2. Lower temperature and high relative humidity (RH) were more suitable for heterogeneous reactions of NO2. Three-phase cluster analysis illustrated that the anthropogenic source ions and natural source ions were dominant WSIs during the heating and non-heating periods, respectively. The backward trajectory analysis and the potential source contribution function model indicated that Lanzhou was strongly influenced by the Hexi Corridor, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, northern Qinghai province, Inner Mongolia Plateau and its surrounding cities. This research will improve our understanding of the air quality and pollutant sources in the industrial environment.

Design and synthesis of a new magnetic metal organic framework as a versatile platform for immobilization of acidic catalysts and CO2 fixation reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Taghavi ◽  
Amir Khojastehnezhad ◽  
Reza Khalifeh ◽  
Maryam Rajabzadeh ◽  
Fahimeh Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Acidic Catalysts ◽  
Magnetic Metal ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Fixation Reaction ◽  
Organic Framework

The first report of the use of an acidic magnetic metal organic framework for the chemical fixation of CO2 as an environmentally friendly reaction.

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