scholarly journals Acquired Antibiotic Resistance Genes: An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela H. A. M. van Hoek ◽  
Dik Mevius ◽  
Beatriz Guerra ◽  
Peter Mullany ◽  
Adam Paul Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium from the USA and Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3445-3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E Wardenburg ◽  
Robert F Potter ◽  
Alaric W D’Souza ◽  
Tahir Hussain ◽  
Meghan A Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract Objectives Linezolid is an important therapeutic option for the treatment of infections caused by VRE. Linezolid is a synthetic antimicrobial and resistance to this antimicrobial agent remains relatively rare. As a result, data on the comparative genomics of linezolid resistance determinants in Enterococcus faecium are relatively sparse. Methods To address this knowledge gap in E. faecium, we deployed phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing and Illumina WGS on hospital surface (environmental) and clinical isolates from the USA and Pakistan. Results We found complete concordance between isolate source country and mechanism of linezolid resistance, with all the US isolates possessing a 23S rRNA gene mutation and the Pakistan isolates harbouring two to three acquired antibiotic resistance genes. These resistance genes include the recently elucidated efflux-pump genes optrA and poxtA and a novel cfr-like variant. Although there was no difference in the linezolid MIC between the US and Pakistan isolates, there was a significant difference in the geometric mean of the MIC between the Pakistan isolates that had two versus three of the acquired antibiotic resistance genes. In five of the Pakistan E. faecium that possessed all three of the resistance genes, we found no difference in the local genetic context of poxtA and the cfr-like gene, but we identified different genetic contexts surrounding optrA. Conclusions These results demonstrate that E. faecium from different geographical regions employ alternative strategies to counter selective pressure of increasing clinical linezolid use.

scholarly journals The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in chicken gut microbiota commensals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Juricova ◽  
Jitka Matiasovicova ◽  
Tereza Kubasova ◽  
Darina Cejkova ◽  
Ivan Rychlik
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens or several indicator bacteria is commonly studied but the extent of antibiotic resistance in bacterial commensals colonising the intestinal tract is essentially unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes among chicken gut microbiota members in 259 isolates with known whole genomic sequences. Altogether 124 isolates contained at least one gene coding for antibiotic resistance. Genes coding for the resistance to tetracyclines (detected in 101 isolates), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics (28 isolates) and aminoglycosides (25 isolates) were the most common. The most frequent tetracycline resistance genes were tet(W), tet(32), tet(O) and tet(Q). Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae frequently encoded tet(W). Lachnospiraceae commonly coded also for tet(32) and tet(O). The tet(44) gene was associated with Erysipelotrichaceae and tet(Q) was detected in the genomes of Bacteroidaceae and Porphyromonadaceae. Without any bias we have shown that antibiotic resistance is quite common in gut commensals. However, a comparison of codon usage showed that the above-mentioned families represent the most common current reservoirs but probably not the original host of the detected resistances.

scholarly journals Genetics of Acquired Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Proteus spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Girlich ◽  
Rémy A. Bonnin ◽  
Laurent Dortet ◽  
Thierry Naas
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

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