scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Intestinal Microbiota in Food Animals: A Novel Model for Studying the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Human Obesity?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Novel Model

scholarly journals ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN LIPID METABOLISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Kvit ◽  
Viacheslav Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Lipid Balance ◽  
The Relationship

 Researchers have studied the connection between cholesterol and microbiota for a long time. The results of widely published data demonstrate that the relationship between the lipid balance of the blood and the composition of the intestinal microbiota is apparent. The oblective of this study was, we tried to find the path through which this connection is carried out. Furthermore, the aim was to analyze the studies, which demonstrate the decrease of blood lipids as the result of different prebiotics and probiotics prescribtion. Also, the screening of different data from previous years was done for comparing the changes in the pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Bile Salt Hydrolase from Lactobacillus salivarius for Development of Novel Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 8795-8802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wang ◽  
Ximin Zeng ◽  
Yiming Mo ◽  
Katie Smith ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Lactobacillus Salivarius ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Food Animals

ABSTRACTAntibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been used as feed additives to improve average body weight gain and feed efficiency in food animals for more than 5 decades. However, there is a worldwide trend to limit AGP use to protect food safety and public health, which raises an urgent need to discover effective alternatives to AGPs. The growth-promoting effect of AGPs has been shown to be highly correlated with the decreased activity of intestinal bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an enzyme that is produced by various gut microflora and involved in host lipid metabolism. Thus, BSH inhibitors are likely promising feed additives to AGPs to improve animal growth performance. In this study, the genome ofLactobacillus salivariusNRRL B-30514, a BSH-producing strain isolated from chicken, was sequenced by a 454 GS FLX sequencer. A BSH gene identified by genome analysis was cloned and expressed in anEscherichia coliexpression system for enzymatic analyses. The BSH displayed efficient hydrolysis activity for both glycoconjugated and tauroconjugated bile salts, with slightly higher catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) on glycoconjugated bile salts. The optimal pH and temperature for the BSH activity were 5.5 and 41°C, respectively. Examination of a panel of dietary compounds using the purified BSH identified some potent BSH inhibitors, in which copper and zinc have been recently demonstrated to promote feed digestion and body weight gain in different food animals. In sum, this study identified and characterized a BSH with broad substrate specificity from a chickenL. salivariusstrain and established a solid platform for us to discover novel BSH inhibitors, the promising feed additives to replace AGPs for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of food animals.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiota in Renal Diets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Camerotto ◽  
Adamasco Cupisti ◽  
Claudia D'Alessandro ◽  
Fulvio Muzio ◽  
Maurizio Gallieni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Relationship

Nutrition is crucial for the management of patients affected by chronic kidney disease to slow down disease progression and to correct symptoms. The mainstay of nutritional approach to renal patients is protein restriction coupled with adequate energy supply to prevent malnutrition. However, other aspects of renal diets, including fiber content, can be beneficial. This paper summarizes the latest literature on the relationship between the type of dietary fiber and prevention and management of CKD, with special attention to intestinal microbiota and the potential protective role of renal diets. A proper amount of fiber should be recommended not only in general population but also in chronic kidney disease patients, to asses an adequate composition and metabolism of intestinal microbiota and to reduce the risks connected with obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus by Dietary Natural Products

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Xu ◽  
Gan ◽  
Sun ◽  
Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest public health concerns worldwide, which includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other rare forms of diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota is closely associated with the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus. In addition, various dietary natural products and their bioactive components have exhibited anti-diabetic activity by modulating intestinal microbiota. This review addresses the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes mellitus, and discusses the effects of natural products on diabetes mellitus and its complications by modulating gut microbiota, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. It is hoped that this review paper can be helpful for better understanding of the relationships among natural products, gut microbiota, and diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Subtherapeutic Antibiotics and Ionophores on Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsy Robinson ◽  
Sage Becker ◽  
Yingping Xiao ◽  
Wentao Lyu ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) are commonly used in the livestock industry at subtherapeutic levels to improve production efficiency, which is achieved mainly through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. However, how different classes of AGPs, particularly ionophores, regulate the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, male Cobb broiler chickens were supplemented for 14 days with or without one of five commonly used AGPs including three classical antibiotics (bacitracin methylene disalicylate, tylosin, and virginiamycin) and two ionophores (monensin and salinomycin) that differ in antimicrobial spectrum and mechanisms. Deep sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that two ionophores drastically reduced a number of rare bacteria resulting in a significant decrease in richness and a concomitant increase in evenness of the cecal microbiota, whereas three antibiotics had no obvious impact. Although each AGP modulated the gut microbiota differently, the closer the antibacterial spectrum of AGPs, the more similarly the microbiota was regulated. Importantly, all AGPs had a strong tendency to enrich butyrate- and lactic acid-producing bacteria, while reducing bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria, suggestive of enhanced metabolism and utilization of dietary carbohydrates and lipids and improved energy harvest, which may collectively be responsible for the growth-promoting effect of AGPs.

scholarly journals Significance of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides on the Health of Food Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yewande O. Fasina ◽  
Temitayo Obanla ◽  
George Dosu ◽  
Sierra Muzquiz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Food Animals

Acquired resistance to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters continues to be an imperative problem in the livestock industries, thereby necessitating continuous pursuit for alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a critical part of the host's innate immune system and have been documented to have immunomodulatory activity. Increasing research evidence suggests that in contrast to antibiotics, AMPs exert broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in a manner that reduces bacterial acquisition of resistance genes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of endogenous (natural) AMPs in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals. Factors limiting the efficacy of these AMPs were also discussed and mitigating strategies were proposed.

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