scholarly journals The Potential Role of Regulatory Genes (DNMT3A, HDAC5, and HDAC9) in Antipsychotic Treatment Response in South African Schizophrenia Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Sean O’Connell ◽  
Nathaniel Wade McGregor ◽  
Robin Emsley ◽  
Soraya Seedat ◽  
Louise Warnich
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
South African ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment

scholarly journals Jumping the Barrier to β-Lactam Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (18) ◽  
pp. 5465-5472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Katayama ◽  
Hong-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Dong Hong ◽  
Henry F. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Host Chromosome ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Although the staphylococcal methicillin resistance determinant, mecA, resides on a mobile genetic element, staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), its distribution in nature is limited to as few as five clusters of related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones. To investigate the potential role of the host chromosome in clonal restriction of the methicillin resistance determinant, we constructed plasmid pYK20, carrying intact mecA, and introduced it into several methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains, five of which were naive hosts (i.e., mecA not previously resident on the host chromosome) and five of which were experienced hosts (i.e., methicillin-susceptible variants of MRSA strains from which SCCmec was excised). We next assessed the effect of the recipient background on the methicillin resistance phenotype by population analysis, by assaying the mecA expression of PBP2a by Western blot analysis, and by screening for mutations affecting mecA. Each experienced host transformed with pYK20 had a resistance phenotype and expressed PBP2a similar to that of the parent with chromosomal SCCmec, but naive hosts transformed with pYK20 selected against its expression, indicative of a host barrier. Either inducible β-lactamase regulatory genes blaR1-blaI or homologous regulatory genes mecR1-mecI, which control mecA expression, acted as compensatory elements, permitting the maintenance and expression of plasmid-carried mecA.

Antipsychotic Treatment in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Literature Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Keuneman ◽  
Vanda Pokos ◽  
Rajiv Weerasundera ◽  
David J. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Obsessivecompulsive Disorder

Objective: To review the role of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD); to explore current hypothesized conceptualizations of their mechanism of action; to highlight evolving interest in the validation of meaningful OCD subtypes within a heterogeneous spectrum of OCD, based on treatment response and other psychobiological variables. Method: A computerized literature search ( MEDLINE: 1966 to December 2003, EMBASE: 1982 to December 2003) was used to locate relevant literature, using the terms obsessivecompulsive, antipsychotic and subtypes, with no restrictions imposed on searches. Results: Earlier studies of augmentation of serotonergic antidepressants (SRIs) with typical antipsychotics including haloperidol and pimozide in OCD demonstrated favourable responses, also highlighting patient subgroups with robust treatment response. Studies examining augmentation with atypical agents are emerging. SRI-resistant OCD patients are likely to benefit from augmentation with atypical antipsychotics in around 50% of cases. Conclusions: While there is little role for antipsychotic monotherapy in OCD, there is growing evidence in support of adjunctive antipsychotics in OCD refractory to serotoninreuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Further controlled trials are warranted. Particular subgroups of OCD patients, notably those with comorbid tic disorder and those with schizotypal personality disorder, have been shown to respond more robustly to augmentation strategies in some trials of both typical and atypical antipsychotics. Dopaminergic mediation with or without a moderating effect on serotonergic systems is likely to be important in the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action of antipsychotic-SRI combinations in OCD.

A sociolinguistic approach to implicit language attitudes towards historically white English accents among young L1 South African indigenous language speakers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (260) ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Pedro Álvarez-Mosquera ◽  
Alejandro Marín-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Historically White ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Accented English ◽  
Type Of School

Abstract This study investigates the potential role of context-relevant sociolinguistic factors in explaining young L1 indigenous South African language speakers’ IAT (Implicit Association Test) scores towards two varieties largely associated with the white group: Standard South African English and Afrikaans accented English. To this end, a post-IAT sociolinguistic survey on participants’ linguistic background, language exposure and intergroup social distance levels (among other social factors) was used. Separate ANOVAS were performed using the IAT reaction times as a dependent variable and sociolinguistic variables as factors. Notably, the sociolinguistic approach revealed that more positive attitudes towards Afrikaans accented English are correlated with the language range of participants, the dominant languages spoken in their places of origin, and the type of school they have attended.

scholarly journals The Role of the Media in South African Construction Health and Safety (H&S)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
John Smallwood ◽  
Danie Venter
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
South African ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
The Media

A large number of fatalities and injuries occur in the South African construction industry. Traditionally, the print media have dedicated editorial, published news, articles and letters, and have exposed abusive or non-conforming conditions and practices in terms of H&S. Literature also indicates that the print media can influence and has an impact on H&S.Given the level of fatalities and injuries and the potential role of the print media, a postal survey was conducted among editors of construction and related magazines. Findings indicate that: the print media do contribute to and play a role in construction H&S; industry has the capacity and needs to promote H&S on a wider basis; there is a need to improve construction H&S; to a degree, editors are aware of what constitutes unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, and the print media can play an increased role through the review of articles, advertisements, advertorial, editorial and phototgraphs to prevent the depiction of unhealthy and unsafe practices and conditions

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