scholarly journals Does Energy Efficiency Affect Ambient PM2.5? The Moderating Role of Energy Investment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunyi Yang ◽  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Khaldoon Albitar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The difficulty of balance between environment and energy consumption makes countries and enterprises face a dilemma, and improving energy efficiency has become one of the ways to solve this dilemma. Based on the data of 158 countries from 1980 to 2018, the dynamic TFP of different countries is calculated by means of the Super-SBM-GML model. The TFP is decomposed into indexes of EC (Technical Efficiency Change), TC (Technological Change) and EC has been extended to PEC (Pure Efficiency Change) and SEC (Scale Efficiency Change). Then the fixed effect model and the fixed effect panel quantile model are used to analyze the moderating effect and the exogenous effect of energy efficiency on PM2.5 concentration on the basis of verifying that energy efficiency can reduce PM2.5 concentration. We conclude, first, the global energy efficiency has been continuously improved during the sample period, and both technological progress and technical efficiency have been improved. Second, the impact of energy efficiency on PM2.5 is heterogeneous which is reflected in the various elements of energy efficiency decomposition. The increase in energy efficiency can inhibit PM2.5 concentration and the inhibition effect mainly comes from TC and PEC, but SEC promotes PM2.5 emission. Third, energy investment plays a moderating role in the environmental protection effect of energy efficiency. Fourth, the impact of energy efficiency on PM2.5 concentration is heterogeneous in terms of national attribute, which is embodied in the differences of national development, science and technology development level, new energy utilization ratio, and the role of international energy trade.

scholarly journals Total Factor Energy Efficiency of China’s Industrial Sector: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Shen ◽  
Boqiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Frontier Analysis

Based on stochastic frontier analysis and translog input distance function, this paper examines the total factor energy efficiency of China’s industry using input-output data of 30 sub-industries from 2002 to 2014, and decomposes the changes in estimated total factor energy efficiency into the effects of technical change, technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and input-mix effect. The results show that during this period the total factor energy efficiency in China’s industry grows annually at a rate of 3.63%, technical change, technical efficiency change and input-mix effect contribute positively to the change in total factor energy efficiency, while scale efficiency change contributes negatively to it.

Efficiency of Islamic banks and role of governance: empirical evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Mezzi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency level of Islamic banks, the differences between Islamic banks in the MENA region and Southeast Asia and the role of the governance in improving performance. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines, on the one hand, the performance of Islamic banks by measuring their efficiency through data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and, on the other hand, the determinants of this efficiency emphasizing on the impact of the governance structure through the panel estimation of Islamic banks based on the three proxies of cost efficiency, namely, technical efficiency (TES), pure technique (PTE) and scale efficiency (SES). Findings The findings indicate that Islamic banks are experiencing an improvement in their efficiency cost. The technical efficiency of Islamic banks is largely explained by the scale efficiency where Islamic banks realize large economies of scale in order to achieve optimal size, especially in Malaysia and the GCC countries. Pure technical efficiency is less important than the efficiency of scale and improvement is necessary regarding the managerial performance. In terms of governance, the results show that the board of directors through its size and independence and the presence of a central Sharia board constitute a robust determinant of the Islamic banks’ efficiency. The ownership structure and the size of the Sharia board do no effect banking efficiency. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies mainly on the examination of the effect of the governance structure on the Islamic banks’ efficiency where studies on this issue for Islamic banks are almost inexistent. In addition, the size and the diversity of the Islamic banks’ panel constitute the strong point of this study.

Gender Diversity, Political Connections and Environmental, Social and Governance Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Tenure

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiaomei ◽  
Mohd Rashdan Sallehuddin ◽  
Rosli Mohd Saad ◽  
Zhou Lu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This study focuses on the two corporate governance variables of gender diversity and political connections and their effects on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance in China with the moderating role of tenure.  To examine these effects, this study uses a hierarchical regression analysis to check the effects of a firm's corporate governance on ESG performance.  This analysis is based on a sample of 143 listed firms that have ESG scores in China over the four years 2015–2018. In specifically, the fixed-effect regression with Driscoll-Kraay (1998) standard errors is used to correct heteroskedasticity-autocorrelation and cross-sectional correlation. Moreover, this study considered the time fixed effect and utilized the instrumental variable approach to control the model's endogeneity. The empirical results from this analysis show that gender diversity and political connection can significantly and positively affect ESG performance.  As example of moderating results, Chairman’s tenure inhibits the effects of gender diversity and the political connection on ESG performance. To our knowledge, this study examines for the first time the moderating role of chairman's tenure in the impact of corporate governance on the ESG performance in the context of a weaker regulatory environment. This study's results provide a guide for investors and policymakers to make decisions about investment and ESG policy.

Is productivity of Indian pharmaceutical industry affected with the introduction of product patent act?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-258
Author(s):  
Varun Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically study the impact of product patent regime on the productivity of different categories such as ownership, R&D, size and product-wise of Indian pharmaceutical firms using non-parametric data envelopment analysis. Design/methodology/approach The present study has applied Ray and Desli’s Malmquist productivity index and its decomposition to measure total factor productivity (TFP) change, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and technical change under variable returns to scale (VRS) technology assumption for 141 Indian pharmaceutical firms during 2000-2001 to 2014-2015. Findings The study found the negligible impact of product patent regime on productivity. The technological change has played a positive role in the growth of productivity, whereas technical efficiency change depicts the judicious utilization of resources for improving performance. From the results, it is found that R&D intensive firms depict better stability in the TFP than the non-R&D firms. However, Granger causality between R&D and productivity found no relationship. Productivity is more directly affected by investment in fixed assets rather than in R&D, which focusses on incremental value additions in a largely branded/plain generic product market. In case of ownership, private foreign firms found to have registered progress in TFP while others have recorded marginal regress, which probably could be attributed to the superior marketing and management skills of the foreign firms, besides possessing proprietary technology. Both small and large firms have shown positive growth in the new regime as compared to the pre-patent regime. These small firms are able to compete with large firms because of their up-gradation of the technological base by improving access to better foreign technology. TFP growth for all the firms can be attributed to improvement in technology, and innovation in terms of high capital-output ratio. Further, the paper tried to identify the determinants of productivity from panel random effect regression, and it is found that export intensity, age and the new patent regime have negative and significant relationship with productivity, whereas other variables such as R&D, ownership, size and capital imports are insignificant. In the end, the results of sensitivity analysis have confirmed the validity of the selected variables. Practical implications The results suggest that Indian pharmaceutical firms need substantive improvement in TFP by improving managerial and scale efficiency. Indian pharmaceutical industry (IPI) needs to improve productivity across the network and drive cost excellence initiatives across the spend base through operational excellence and digital initiatives. The results of this paper can be applied in framing policies for future growth and improvement in the productivity of IPI. Originality/value The paper aims to make several new contributions to the existing literature. Most of the research papers only analysed TFP of the industry as a whole and detailed firm-wise analysis is needed to capture the true impact at a unit level. This study has analysed the impact of different categories such as ownership, R&D, size and product-wise, and determinants of productivity. The study has used a broader time period and larger panel data to predict the better picture.

scholarly journals Sources of efficiency changes at Asian container ports

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
Xiyi Yang ◽  
Tsz Leung Yip
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Efficiency ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate the efficiency changes of 23 major Asian container ports for the period from 2000 to 2007. In addition to assess the general trend, it also attempts to decompose the overall efficiency change into technological efficiency change, technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change to help port authorities to devise operational strategies. Design/methodology/approach The Malmquist index method is used, which is derived from data envelopment analysis. In this model, technological improvement comes from using state-of-the-art technologies, technical improvement is from rationalizing of port inputs and scale efficiency is from adjustment of port operational scales. Findings On average, the investigated ports have improved their efficiencies by 14.3 per cent. Such efficiency gains can be attributed to a 41 per cent increase in pure technical efficiency, a 47.5 per cent increase in scale efficiency and a 30.5 per cent decrease in technological efficiency. The scale efficiency contributes the most to the overall efficiency improvement, while technical and technological effects seem to have less impact. The fact that technological efficiency has little variance seems to suggest that this source of efficiency gain may not bring substantial competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications The sample period is 2000-2007, so the impact from the Asian financial crisis or the economic downturn was not covered. Also, the port throughputs data do not separate shipment and transhipment. Originality/value This study provides valuable suggestions to improve efficiency for container ports along the “Maritime Silk Road.”

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

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