scholarly journals Comparing Field Sampling and Soil Survey Database for Spatial Heterogeneity in Surface Soil Granulometry: Implications for Ecosystem Services Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Mikhailova ◽  
Christopher J. Post ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard ◽  
Mark A. Schlautman ◽  
Michael P. Cope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Field Sampling

scholarly journals Soil Diversity (Pedodiversity) and Ecosystem Services

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Mikhailova ◽  
Hamdi A. Zurqani ◽  
Christopher J. Post ◽  
Mark A. Schlautman ◽  
Gregory C. Post
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Soil Diversity

Soil ecosystem services (ES) (e.g., provisioning, regulation/maintenance, and cultural) and ecosystem disservices (ED) are dependent on soil diversity/pedodiversity (variability of soils), which needs to be accounted for in the economic analysis and business decision-making. The concept of pedodiversity (biotic + abiotic) is highly complex and can be broadly interpreted because it is formed from the interaction of atmospheric diversity (abiotic + biotic), biodiversity (biotic), hydrodiversity (abiotic + biotic), and lithodiversity (abiotic) within ecosphere and anthroposphere. Pedodiversity is influenced by intrinsic (within the soil) and extrinsic (outside soil) factors, which are also relevant to ES/ED. Pedodiversity concepts and measures may need to be adapted to the ES framework and business applications. Currently, there are four main approaches to analyze pedodiversity: taxonomic (diversity of soil classes), genetic (diversity of genetic horizons), parametric (diversity of soil properties), and functional (soil behavior under different uses). The objective of this article is to illustrate the application of pedodiversity concepts and measures to value ES/ED with examples based on the contiguous United States (U.S.), its administrative units, and the systems of soil classification (e.g., U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Taxonomy, Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database). This study is based on a combination of original research and literature review examples. Taxonomic pedodiversity in the contiguous U.S. exhibits high soil diversity, with 11 soil orders, 65 suborders, 317 great groups, 2026 subgroups, and 19,602 series. The ranking of “soil order abundance” (area of each soil order within the U.S.) expressed as the proportion of the total area is: (1) Mollisols (27%), (2) Alfisols (17%), (3) Entisols (14%), (4) Inceptisols and Aridisols (11% each), (5) Spodosols (3%), (6) Vertisols (2%), and (7) Histosols and Andisols (1% each). Taxonomic, genetic, parametric, and functional pedodiversity are an essential context for analyzing, interpreting, and reporting ES/ED within the ES framework. Although each approach can be used separately, three of these approaches (genetic, parametric, and functional) fall within the “umbrella” of taxonomic pedodiversity, which separates soils based on properties important to potential use. Extrinsic factors play a major role in pedodiversity and should be accounted for in ES/ED valuation based on various databases (e.g., National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) databases). Pedodiversity is crucial in identifying soil capacity (pedocapacity) and “hotspots” of ES/ED as part of business decision making to provide more sustainable use of soil resources. Pedodiversity is not a static construct but is highly dynamic, and various human activities (e.g., agriculture, urbanization) can lead to soil degradation and even soil extinction.

Surface soil survey in an archaeological context:

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Robbi Bishop-Taylor ◽  
Karina L. Judd ◽  
Lauren Clear ◽  
Lennard Martin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Survey

scholarly journals Quantifying the Spatial Association between Land Use Change and Ecosystem Services Value: A Case Study in Xi’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4449
Author(s):  
Yajing Shao ◽  
Xuefeng Yuan ◽  
Chaoqun Ma ◽  
Ruifang Ma ◽  
Zhaoxia Ren
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gwr Model ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on ecosystem services value (ESV) varies in different spatial locations. Although many studies have focused on quantifying the effect of LULC change on ESV, few have considered the spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between LULC change and ESV. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between ESV and LULC change from a spatial perspective in Xi’an City. We divide the study area into 10,522 grid cells, based on land cover data from 2000 to 2018, and we identify the spatial-temporal dynamics of LULC change. Next, we employ the Benefits Transfer Method (BTM) to evaluate the ESV, and the ESV is corrected by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model are used to assess the spatial association of LULC change and ESV. The results show that the total ESV loss is 6.57 billion yuan (Chinese yuan), and the loss rate is 12.18%. The distribution of ESV shows an obvious spatial heterogeneity, and the low-value area of ESV expands eastward from the main urban area. More than 50% of total ESV is provided by woodland. From 2000 to 2018, the land use pattern in Xi’an underwent a significant change with the developed land increasing by 64.09%, whereas farmland decreased by 12.49%. Based on the GWR model, the relationship between LULC change and ESV in Xi’an showed a significant negative association and spatial heterogeneity. Our study results provide a new way to effectively identify the relationship between LULC change and ESV, and in turn, to fully understand the ecological trends at the regional scale, laying a foundation for regional sustainable development.

Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their trade-offs in the Hengduan Mountain region, Southwest China

CATENA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 105632
Author(s):  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Erfu Dai ◽  
Quansheng Ge ◽  
Xianzhou Zhang ◽  
Chengqun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Hengduan Mountain ◽  
Trade Offs

Effects of landscape spatial heterogeneity on the generation and provision of ecosystem services

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
刘绿怡 LIU Luyi ◽  
卞子亓 BIAN Ziqi ◽  
丁圣彦 DING Shengyan
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF SOIL COLOR

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Shields ◽  
R. J. St. Arnaud ◽  
E. A. Paul ◽  
J. S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Color Chart ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude

The color of cultivated surface samples from Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils were measured by visual and spectroreflectance methods. Variations in visual color measurements among different observers were of sufficient magnitude to represent serious errors in the application of the soil color criteria outlined in the Canadian soil classification system.Spectroreflectance measurements facilitated the accurate measurement and characterization of the Munsell renotations of Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils sampled within their respective soil zones. The ratio of renotation value: renotation chroma of the Chernozemic samples (air-dry) were distinctly lower than those of the Gray Wooded samples. The presence of moisture caused a greater decrease in the renotation value of the Gray Wooded samples than it did in the Chernozemic samples. The renotation hue of most of the measured samples occurred midway between the 10YR and 2.5Y hue charts currently available in the Munsell soil color chart series.Color measurement of cultivated surface soil samples taken within the various soil zones of Saskatchewan indicated discrepancies between their renotation values and the color criteria currently suggested by the National Soil Survey Committee of Canada for the respective soils at the Order and Great Group levels.

scholarly journals Attitudes and Preferences towards Soil-Based Ecosystem Services: How Do They Vary across Space?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8722
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Eusse-Villa ◽  
Cristiano Franceschinis ◽  
Mara Thiene ◽  
Jürgen Meyerhoff ◽  
Alex McBratney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Soil Ecosystem Services

Soil ecosystem services (ES) provide multiple benefits to human well-being, but the failure to appreciate them has led to soil degradation issues across the globe. Despite an increasing interest in the threats to soil resources, economic valuation in this context is limited. Importantly, most of the existing valuation studies do not account for the spatial distribution of benefits that soil ES provide to the population. In this study, we present the results of a choice experiment (CE) aimed at investigating spatial heterogeneity of attitudes and preferences towards soil conservation and soil ES. We explored spatial heterogeneity of both attitudes and welfare measures via GIS techniques. We found that citizens of the Veneto Region (Northeast Italy) generally have positive attitudes towards soil conservation. We also find positive willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for soil ES in most of the study area and a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the spatial taste distribution. Finally, our results suggest that respondents with pro-environmental attitudes display a higher WTP based on the geographic pattern of the distribution of WTP values and attitudinal scores across the area.

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