scholarly journals Increased Risk of Freeze Damage in Woody Perennials VIS-À-VIS Climate Change: Importance of Deacclimation and Dormancy Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Kari Taulavuori
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Freeze Damage

scholarly journals Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5812
Author(s):  
Mariya Bezgrebelna ◽  
Kwame McKenzie ◽  
Samantha Wells ◽  
Arun Ravindran ◽  
Michael Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine housing precarity and homelessness in relation to climate change and weather extremes internationally. In a thematic analysis of 15 reviews (5 systematic and 10 non-systematic), the following themes emerged: risk factors for homelessness/housing precarity, temperature extremes, health concerns, structural factors, natural disasters, and housing. First, an increased risk of homelessness has been found for people who are vulnerably housed and populations in lower socio-economic positions due to energy insecurity and climate change-induced natural hazards. Second, homeless/vulnerably-housed populations are disproportionately exposed to climatic events (temperature extremes and natural disasters). Third, the physical and mental health of homeless/vulnerably-housed populations is projected to be impacted by weather extremes and climate change. Fourth, while green infrastructure may have positive effects for homeless/vulnerably-housed populations, housing remains a major concern in urban environments. Finally, structural changes must be implemented. Recommendations for addressing the impact of climate change on homelessness and housing precarity were generated, including interventions focusing on homelessness/housing precarity and reducing the effects of weather extremes, improved housing and urban planning, and further research on homelessness/housing precarity and climate change. To further enhance the impact of these initiatives, we suggest employing the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

scholarly journals Challenges for the Integration of Water Resource and Drought-Risk Management in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Vargas ◽  
Pilar Paneque
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Increased Risk

Droughts are risks characterized by their complexity, uncertainty, and a series of other features, which differentiate them from other natural disasters and affect the strategies designed to manage them. These characteristics highlight the close relationship between drought management and water resources management. The following hypothesis is raised in this study—unsatisfactory integration of a drought-risk and water resources management strategies, increases the vulnerability to drought. To corroborate this hypothesis, the Spanish case was analyzed, where droughts are a recurrent phenomenon, due to the Mediterranean climate. Starting from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework, which has been proposed to characterize vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, this study analyzed the vulnerability in the Spanish River Basin Districts, through—(i) the integration of the predictable effects of climate change and the increased risk of exposure in hydrologic planning; (ii) the pressure on water resources that determines the sensitivity of the systems; and (iii) the development and implementation of drought management plans as a fundamental tool, in order to adapt before these events occur. The results showed that despite important advances in the process of conceiving and managing droughts, in Spain, there are still important gaps for an adequate integration of droughts risk into the water resource strategies. Therefore, despite the improvements, drought-risk vulnerability of the systems remained high.

scholarly journals Pediatric Thermoregulation: Considerations in the Face of Global Climate Change

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance

Predicted global climate change, including rising average temperatures, increasing airborne pollution, and ultraviolet radiation exposure, presents multiple environmental stressors contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Extreme temperatures and more frequent and severe heat events will increase the risk of heat-related illness and associated complications in vulnerable populations, including infants and children. Historically, children have been viewed to possess inferior thermoregulatory capabilities, owing to lower sweat rates and higher core temperature responses compared to adults. Accumulating evidence counters this notion, with limited child–adult differences in thermoregulation evident during mild and moderate heat exposure, with increased risk of heat illness only at environmental extremes. In the context of predicted global climate change, extreme environmental temperatures will be encountered more frequently, placing children at increased risk. Thermoregulatory and overall physiological strain in high temperatures may be further exacerbated by exposure to/presence of physiological and environmental stressors including pollution, ultraviolet radiation, obesity, diabetes, associated comorbidities, and polypharmacy that are more commonly occurring at younger ages. The aim of this review is to revisit fundamental differences in child–adult thermoregulation in the face of these multifaceted climate challenges, address emerging concerns, and emphasize risk reduction strategies for the health and performance of children in the heat.

scholarly journals Climate change, extreme events and increased risk of salmonellosis in Maryland, USA: Evidence for coastal vulnerability

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengsheng Jiang ◽  
Kristi S. Shaw ◽  
Crystal R. Upperman ◽  
David Blythe ◽  
Clifford Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals The evolution of climate change guidance for fluvial flood risk management in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S Reynard ◽  
Alison L Kay ◽  
Molly Anderson ◽  
Bill Donovan ◽  
Caroline Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Floods are one of the biggest natural hazards to society, and there is increasing concern about the potential impacts of climate change on flood occurrence and magnitude. Furthermore, flood risk is likely to increase in the future not just through increased flood occurrence, but also through socio-economic changes, such as increasing population. The extent to which adaptation measures can offset this increased risk will depend on the level of future climate change, but there exists an urgent need for information on the potential impacts of climate change on floods, so that these can be accounted for by flood management authorities and local planners aiming to reduce flood risk. Agencies across the UK have been pro-active in providing such guidance for many years and in refining it as the science of climate change and hydrological impacts has developed. The history of this guidance for fluvial flood risk in England is presented and discussed here, including the recent adoption of a regional risk-based approach. Such an approach could be developed and applied to flood risk management in other countries, and to other sectors affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Climate change and sectors of the surface water cycle in CMIP5 projections

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 8537-8569 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dirmeyer ◽  
G. Fang ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
P. Yadav ◽  
A. D. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Change Models ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract. Results from ten global climate change models are synthesized to investigate changes in extremes, defined as wettest and driest deciles in precipitation, soil moisture and runoff based on each model's historical twentieth century simulated climatology. Under a moderate warming scenario, regional increases in drought frequency are found with little increase in floods. For more severe warming, both drought and flood become much more prevalent, with nearly the entire globe significantly affected. Soil moisture changes tend toward drying while runoff trends toward flood. To determine how different sectors of society dependent the on various components of the surface water cycle may be affected, changes in monthly means and interannual variability are compared to data sets of crop distribution and river basin boundaries. For precipitation, changes in interannual variability can be important even when there is little change in the long-term mean. Over 20% of the globe is projected to experience a combination of reduced precipitation and increased variability under severe warming. There are large differences in the vulnerability of different types of crops, depending on their spatial distributions. Increases in soil moisture variability are again found to be a threat even where soil moisture is not projected to decrease. The combination of increased variability and greater annual discharge over many basins portends increased risk of river flooding, although a number of basins are projected to suffer surface water shortages.

scholarly journals Grenada

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (193) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Climate Finance ◽  
International Support ◽  
Hurricane Ivan ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Increased Risk

Grenada has made significant strides to counter climate change but meeting the daunting remaining challenges will require domestic policy actions and sustained international support. Climate change is an existential threat to Grenada. Increasing frequency and intensity of coastal storms threatens infrastructure and livelihoods, as do increased risk of coastal flooding and drought. Notably, Hurricane Ivan in 2004 caused damages of over 200 percent of GDP. Grenada has recognized this by placing climate resilience at the center of its policy making and forging strategic alliances with key global climate finance providers. However, the challenges facing the country remain daunting and will require large increases in international support, both financial and technical, to assist the Grenadian authorities turn their impressive resilience plans into action.

scholarly journals Methodology of an Analysis of Snow Disaster Risk for Establishing Climate Change Adaptation Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
Yu Insang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Very High

This study applies the concept of risk defined by IPCC’s fifth assessment report to Daegu City, Ulsan City, Gyeongsangbuk Province, and Gangwon Province to assess and analyze snow disaster risks. Sub-indicators of three hazards, six exposures, four vulnerabilities, and five adaptive capacities were selected, and spatial information based on grids or administrative districts was constructed. The weight of each indicator was calculated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the maximum inconsistency of the expert survey result was 9.86%, indicating high consistency. The results show that administrative districts with an space average risk of “very high” are Ulleung, Gangneung, Sokcho, Yangyang, Pyeongchang, Goseong, Donghae, Samcheok, and Jeongseon, accounting for 16.7% of the entire administrative district. One region has a “high” risk, Taebaek (1.9%), and those with a “moderately high” risk were Uljin and Inje (3.8%). These regions have very high levels of hazards, very low exposure, very high vulnerability, and low adaptive capacity; hence, hazard, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity had a significant effect on the increased risk. Pyeongchang had the highest standard deviation of gridded risk among the 12 regions with a risk above moderately high. The standard deviation of gridded risk for Pyeongchang was estimated to be 1.0 with the highest value, followed by Inje, with 0.69, and Jeongseon, with 0.55; therefore, differentiated climate change adaptation measures should be established according to gridded risks.

scholarly journals Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro D'Amato
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Allergy ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
European Respiratory Society ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Allergy And Asthma

Over the past two decades there has been increasing interest in studies regarding effects on human health of climate changes and urban air pollution. Climate change induced by anthropogenic warming of the earth’s atmosphere is a daunt- ing problem and there are several observations about the role of urbanization, with its high levels of vehicle emissions and other pollutants, and westernized lifestyle with respect to the rising frequency of respiratory allergic diseases observed in most industrialized countries. There is also evidence that asthmatic subjects are at increased risk of developing exacerbations of bronchial obstruction with exposure to gaseous (ozone, nitrogen diox- ide, sulfur dioxide) and particulate inhalable components of air pollution. A change in the genetic predisposition is an unlikely cause of the increasing frequency in allergic diseases because genetic changes in a population require several generations. Consequently, environmental factors such as climate change and indoor and outdoor air pollution may contribute to explain the increasing frequency of respiratory allergy and asthma. Since concentrations of airborne allergens and air pollutants are frequently increased contemporaneously, an enhanced IgE-mediated response to aeroallergens and enhanced airway inflammation could account for the increas- ing frequency of allergic respiratory diseases and bronchial asthma. Scientific societies such as the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, European Respiratory Society and the World Allergy Organization have set up committees and task forces to produce documents to focalize attention on this topic, calling for prevention measures.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document