scholarly journals Evaluating Landscape Degradation Along Climatic Gradients During the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought From Panchromatic Historical Aerial Photographs, United States Great Plains

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey C. Bolles ◽  
Steven L. Forman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
Landscape Degradation

scholarly journals Factors Contributing to Record-Breaking Heat Waves over the Great Plains during the 1930s Dust Bowl

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 2437-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Cowan ◽  
Gabriele C. Hegerl ◽  
Ioana Colfescu ◽  
Massimo Bollasina ◽  
Ariaan Purich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
Warm Advection ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Upper Level

Record-breaking summer heat waves were experienced across the contiguous United States during the decade-long “Dust Bowl” drought in the 1930s. Using high-quality daily temperature observations, the Dust Bowl heat wave characteristics are assessed with metrics that describe variations in heat wave activity and intensity. Despite the sparser station coverage in the early record, there is robust evidence for the emergence of exceptional heat waves across the central Great Plains, the most extreme of which were preconditioned by anomalously dry springs. This is consistent with the entire twentieth-century record: summer heat waves over the Great Plains develop on average ~15–20 days earlier after anomalously dry springs, compared to summers following wet springs. Heat waves following dry springs are also significantly longer and hotter, indicative of the importance of land surface feedbacks in heat wave intensification. A distinctive anomalous continental-wide circulation pattern accompanied exceptional heat waves in the Great Plains, including those of the Dust Bowl decade. An anomalous broad surface pressure ridge straddling an upper-level blocking anticyclone over the western United States forced substantial subsidence and adiabatic warming over the Great Plains, and triggered anomalous southward warm advection over southern regions. This prolonged and amplified the heat waves over the central United States, which in turn gradually spread westward following heat wave emergence. The results imply that exceptional heat waves are preconditioned, triggered, and strengthened across the Great Plains through a combination of spring drought, upper-level continental-wide anticyclonic flow, and warm advection from the north.

Evaluation of nocturnal roost and diurnal sites used by whooping cranes in the Great Plains, United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron T. Pearse ◽  
Mary J. Harner ◽  
David M. Baasch ◽  
Greg D. Wright ◽  
Andrew J. Caven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Whooping Cranes

Evidence of enhanced precipitation due to irrigation over the Great Plains of the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (D15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony DeAngelis ◽  
Francina Dominguez ◽  
Ying Fan ◽  
Alan Robock ◽  
M. Deniz Kustu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States

Challenges of Brush Management Treatment Effectiveness in Southern Great Plains, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Rheinhardt Scholtz ◽  
Samuel D. Fuhlendorf ◽  
Daniel R. Uden ◽  
Brady W. Allred ◽  
Matthew O. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Brush Management

scholarly journals Spatial Disparities of COVID-19 Cases and Fatalities in United States Counties

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8259
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Jackson ◽  
Sahar Derakhshan ◽  
Leah Blackwood ◽  
Logan Lee ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Mitigation Policies

This paper examines the spatial and temporal trends in county-level COVID-19 cases and fatalities in the United States during the first year of the pandemic (January 2020–January 2021). Statistical and geospatial analyses highlight greater impacts in the Great Plains, Southwestern and Southern regions based on cases and fatalities per 100,000 population. Significant case and fatality spatial clusters were most prevalent between November 2020 and January 2021. Distinct urban–rural differences in COVID-19 experiences uncovered higher rural cases and fatalities per 100,000 population and fewer government mitigation actions enacted in rural counties. High levels of social vulnerability and the absence of mitigation policies were significantly associated with higher fatalities, while existing community resilience had more influential spatial explanatory power. Using differences in percentage unemployment changes between 2019 and 2020 as a proxy for pre-emergent recovery revealed urban counties were hit harder in the early months of the pandemic, corresponding with imposed government mitigation policies. This longitudinal, place-based study confirms some early urban–rural patterns initially observed in the pandemic, as well as the disparate COVID-19 experiences among socially vulnerable populations. The results are critical in identifying geographic disparities in COVID-19 exposures and outcomes and providing the evidentiary basis for targeting pandemic recovery.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2013

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from wheat fields and breeding plots by USDA-ARS personnel and cooperators in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, and southeastern states in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2013. Single uredinial isolates (490 total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In 2013, 79 virulence phenotypes were described in the United States. Virulence phenotypes MBTNB, TNBGJ, and MCTNB were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotypes MBTNB and MCTNB are both virulent to Lr11, and MCTNB is virulent to Lr26. MBTNB and MCTNB were most common in the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Phenotype TNBGJ is virulent to Lr39/41 and was widely distributed throughout the hard red winter wheat region of the Great Plains. Isolates with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were common in the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region. Isolates with virulence to Lr21, Lr24, and Lr39/41 were frequent in the hard red wheat region of the southern and northern Great Plains.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2005

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Common Phenotype

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2005. Single uredinial isolates (797 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, Lr28, and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2005, 72 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype TDBGH, selected by virulence to resistance gene Lr24, was the most common phenotype in the United States, and was found throughout the Great Plains region. Virulence phenotype MCDSB with virulence to Lr17a and Lr26 was the second most common phenotype and was found widely in the wheat growing regions of the United States. Virulence phenotype MFPSC, which has virulence to Lr17a, Lr24, and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype, and was found in the Ohio Valley region, the Great Plains, and California. The highly diverse population of P. triticina in the United States will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance to leaf rust.

Characteristics and Predictability of Midwestern United States Drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hoell ◽  
Trent W. Ford ◽  
Molly Woloszyn ◽  
Jason A. Otkin ◽  
Jon Eischeid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Wave Trains

AbstractCharacteristics and predictability of drought in the Midwestern United States, spanning the Great Plains to the Ohio Valley, at local and regional scales are examined during 1916-2015. Given vast differences in hydroclimatic variability across the Midwest, drought is evaluated in four regions identified using a hierarchical clustering algorithm applied to an integrated drought index based on soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and three-month runoff from land surface models forced by observed analyses. Highlighting the regions containing the Ohio Valley (OV) and Northern Great Plains (NGP), the OV demonstrates a preference for sub-annual droughts, the timing of which can lead to prevalent dry epochs, while the NGP demonstrates a preference for annual-to-multi-annual droughts. Regional drought variations are closely related to precipitation, resulting in a higher likelihood of drought onset or demise during wet seasons: March-November in the NGP and all year in the OV, with a preference for March-May and September-November. Due to the distinct dry season in the NGP, there is a higher likelihood of longer drought persistence, as the NGP is four times more likely to experience drought lasting at least one year compared to the OV. While drought variability in all regions and seasons are related to atmospheric wave trains spanning the Pacific-North American sector, longer-lead predictability is limited to the OV in December-February because it is the only region/season related to slow-varying sea surface temperatures consistent with El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The wave trains in all other regions appear to be generated in the atmosphere, highlighting the importance of internal atmospheric variability in shaping Midwestern drought.

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