scholarly journals 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Induces the Burkholderia cenocepacia Phenylacetic Acid Degradation Pathway ? Toward Understanding the Contribution of Aromatic Catabolism to Pathogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijeme A. Imolorhe ◽  
Silvia T. Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Catabolism

Degradation of the Isoflavone Biochanin A-7-O-glucoside-6"O-inalonate and Phenylacetic Acids by Fusarium javanicum

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 882-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dittmar Schlieper ◽  
Dieter Komoßa ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Keywords The isoflavone conjugate biochanin A-7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate is degraded by Fusarium javanicum with an esterase to yield biochanin A-7-O-glucoside which is further cleaved by a glucosidase to the aglycone. Biochanin A is funnelled into a known catabolic sequence (Z. Naturforsch. 37c, 861 (1982)). Induction of the catabolism of p-methoxyphenylacetic acid is linked to biochanin A degradation, whereas p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy- phenylacetic acid degradation is substrate-induced.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Phenylacetyl-Coenzyme A Oxygenase from the Aerobic Phenylacetic Acid Degradation Pathway of Escherichia coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 7422-7426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Fernández ◽  
Abel Ferrández ◽  
Baltasar Miñambres ◽  
Eduardo Díaz ◽  
José L. García
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Acid Degradation

ABSTRACT We show here that the paaABCDE genes of the paa cluster responsible for phenylacetate degradation in Escherichia coli W encode a five-component oxygenase that hydroxylates phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), the first intermediate of the pathway. The primary structure of the subunits of bacterial phenylacetyl-CoA oxygenases revealed that these enzymes constitute the prototype of a new and distinct group of the large bacterial diiron multicomponent oxygenase family.

scholarly journals Phenylacetyl-CoA, not phenylacetic acid, attenuates CepIR-regulated virulence in Burkholderia cenocepacia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasia Joy Lightly ◽  
Kara L. Frejuk ◽  
Marie-Christine Groleau ◽  
Laurent R. Chiarelli ◽  
Cor Ras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Virulent Phenotype

AbstractDuring phenylalanine catabolism, phenylacetic acid (PAA) is converted to phenylacetyl-CoA (PAA-CoA) by a ligase, PaaK, and then epoxidized by a multicomponent monooxygenase, PaaABCDE, before further degradation to the TCA cycle. In the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia, loss of paaABCDE attenuates virulence factor expression, which is under control of the LuxIR-like quorum sensing system, CepIR. To further investigate the link between CepIR-regulated virulence and PAA catabolism, we created knockout mutants of the first step of the pathway (PAA-CoA synthesis by PaaK) and characterized them in comparison to a paaABCDE mutant using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and virulence assays. We found that while loss of PaaABCDE decreased virulence, deletion of the paaK genes resulted in a more virulent phenotype than the wild type strain. Deletion of either paaK or paaABCDE led to higher levels of released PAA but no differences in internal accumulation, compared to wild type. While we found no evidence of direct cepIR downregulation by PAA-CoA or PAA, a low virulence cepR mutant reverted to a virulent phenotype upon removal of the paaK genes. On the other hand, removal of paaABCDE in the cepR mutant did not impact its attenuated phenotype. Together, our results suggest an indirect role for PAA-CoA in supressing B. cenocepacia CepIR-activated virulence.ImportanceThe opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia uses a chemical signal process called quorum sensing (QS) to produce virulence factors. In B. cenocepacia, QS relies on the presence of the transcriptional regulator CepR, which upon binding QS signal molecules, activates virulence. In this work, we found that even in the absence of CepR, B. cenocepacia can elicit a pathogenic response if phenylacetyl-CoA, an intermediate of the phenylacetic acid degradation pathway, is not produced. Instead, accumulation of phenylacetyl-CoA appears to attenuate pathogenicity. Therefore, we have discovered that it is possible to trigger virulence in the absence of CepR, challenging the classical view of activation of virulence by this QS mechanism. Our work provides new insight into the relationship between metabolism and virulence in opportunistic bacteria. We propose that, in the event that QS signaling molecules cannot accumulate to trigger a pathogenic response, a metabolic signal can still activate virulence in B. cenocepacia.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Phenylacetic Acid Degradation Pathway in Bacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rei ABE-YOSHIZUMI ◽  
Urara KAMEI ◽  
Asami YAMADA ◽  
Makoto KIMURA ◽  
Shigeyuki ICHIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Acid Degradation

scholarly journals A Functional Phenylacetic Acid Catabolic Pathway Is Required for Full Pathogenicity of Burkholderia cenocepacia in the Caenorhabditis elegans Host Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (21) ◽  
pp. 7209-7218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Law ◽  
Jason N. R. Hamlin ◽  
Aida Sivro ◽  
Stuart J. McCorrister ◽  
Georgina A. Cardama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Insertion Mutagenesis ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Ring Hydroxylation

ABSTRACT Burkholderia cenocepacia is a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of metabolically versatile bacteria that have emerged as opportunistic pathogens in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Previously a screen of transposon mutants in a rat pulmonary infection model identified an attenuated mutant with an insertion in paaE, a gene related to the phenylacetic acid (PA) catabolic pathway. In this study, we characterized gene clusters involved in the PA degradation pathway of B. cenocepacia K56-2 in relation to its pathogenicity in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection. We demonstrated that targeted-insertion mutagenesis of paaA and paaE, which encode part of the putative PA-coenzyme A (CoA) ring hydroxylation system, paaZ, coding for a putative ring opening enzyme, and paaF, encoding part of the putative beta-oxidation system, severely reduces growth on PA as a sole carbon source. paaA and paaE insertional mutants were attenuated for virulence, and expression of paaE in trans restored pathogenicity of the paaE mutant to wild-type levels. Interruption of paaZ and paaF slightly increased virulence. Using gene interference by ingested double-stranded RNA, we showed that the attenuated phenotype of the paaA and paaE mutants is dependent on a functional p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in C. elegans. Taken together, our results demonstrate that B. cenocepacia possesses a functional PA degradation pathway and that the putative PA-CoA ring hydroxylation system is required for full pathogenicity in C. elegans.

scholarly journals Regulation of phenylacetic acid degradation genes of Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason NR Hamlin ◽  
Ruhi AM Bloodworth ◽  
Silvia T Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Acid Degradation

Characterization of the last step of the aerobic phenylacetic acid degradation pathway

Microbiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Nogales ◽  
Raffaella Macchi ◽  
Federico Franchi ◽  
Dagania Barzaghi ◽  
Cristina Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Acid Degradation
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