scholarly journals Light Stimuli and Circadian Clock Affect Neural Development in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Dapergola ◽  
Pamela Menegazzi ◽  
Thomas Raabe ◽  
Anna Hovhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation

Endogenous clocks enable organisms to adapt cellular processes, physiology, and behavior to daily variation in environmental conditions. Metabolic processes in cyanobacteria to humans are under the influence of the circadian clock, and dysregulation of the circadian clock causes metabolic disorders. In mouse and Drosophila, the circadian clock influences translation of factors involved in ribosome biogenesis and synchronizes protein synthesis. Notably, nutrition signals are mediated by the insulin receptor/target of rapamycin (InR/TOR) pathways to regulate cellular metabolism and growth. However, the role of the circadian clock in Drosophila brain development and the potential impact of clock impairment on neural circuit formation and function is less understood. Here we demonstrate that changes in light stimuli or disruption of the molecular circadian clock cause a defect in neural stem cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, we show that disturbed cell growth and proliferation are accompanied by reduced nucleolar size indicative of impaired ribosomal biogenesis. Further, we define that light and clock independently affect the InR/TOR growth regulatory pathway due to the effect on regulators of protein biosynthesis. Altogether, these data suggest that alterations in InR/TOR signaling induced by changes in light conditions or disruption of the molecular clock have an impact on growth and proliferation properties of neural stem cells in the developing Drosophila brain.

scholarly journals Light stimuli and circadian clock affect neural development in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Dapergola ◽  
Pamela Menegazzi ◽  
Thomas Raabe ◽  
Anna Hovhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation

AbstractEndogenous clocks enable organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to daily variation in environmental conditions. Metabolic processes in cyanobacteria to humans are effected by the circadian clock, and its dysregulation causes metabolic disorders. In mouse and Drosophila were shown that the circadian clock directs translation of factors involved in ribosome biogenesis and synchronizes protein synthesis. However, the role of clocks in Drosophila neurogenesis and the potential impact of clock impairment on neural circuit formation and function is less understood. Here we demonstrate that light stimuli or circadian clock causes a defect in neural stem cell growth and proliferation accompanied by reduced nucleolar size. Further, we define that light and clock independently affect the InR/TOR growth regulatory pathway due to the effect on regulators of protein biosynthesis. Altogether, these data suggest that alterations in growth regulatory pathways induced by light and clock are associated with impaired neural development.

scholarly journals A Drosophila RNA helicase gene, pitchoune, is required for cell growth and proliferation and is a potential target of d-Myc

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (18) ◽  
pp. 3571-3584 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zaffran ◽  
A. Chartier ◽  
P. Gallant ◽  
M. Astier ◽  
N. Arquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Dead Box ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation

This article describes the characterization of a new Drosophila gene that we have called pitchoune (pit) (meaning small in Provence) because mutations in this gene produce larvae that cannot grow beyond the first instar larval stage although they can live as long as 7–10 days. All the tissues are equally affected and the perfectly shaped larvae are indistinguishable from first instar wild-type animals. Analysis of mutant somatic clones suggests a function in cell growth and proliferation, which is supported by the fact that cell proliferation is promoted by pit overexpression. Tagged-Pit, when transfected in S2 cells, localizes mainly to the nucleolus, pointing towards a possible role in ribosome biogenesis and, consequently, in protein biosynthesis. pit encodes a DEAD-box RNA helicase, a family of proteins involved in the control of RNA structure in many cellular processes and its closest homologue is a human DEAD-box RNA helicase, MrDb, whose corresponding gene transcription is directly activated by Myc-Max heterodimers (Grandori, C., Mac, J., Siebelt, F., Ayer, D. E. and Eisenman, R. N. (1996) EMBO J. 15, 4344–4357). The patterns of expression of d-myc and pit are superimposable. Ectopic expression of myc in the nervous system drives an ectopic expression of pit in this tissue indicating that in Drosophila as well, pit is a potential target of d-Myc. These results suggest that myc might promote cell proliferation by activating genes that are required in protein biosynthesis, thus linking cell growth and cell proliferation.

scholarly journals TORC2-Gad8-dependent myosin phosphorylation modulates regulation by calcium

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Baker ◽  
Irene A Gyamfi ◽  
Gregory I Mashanov ◽  
Justin E Molloy ◽  
Michael A Geeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
Membrane Reorganization ◽  
And Function

Cells respond to changes in their environment through signaling networks that modulate cytoskeleton and membrane organization to coordinate cell-cycle progression, polarized cell growth and multicellular development. Here, we define a novel regulatory mechanism by which the motor activity and function of the fission yeast type one myosin, Myo1, is modulated by TORC2-signalling-dependent phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the conserved serine at position 742 (S742) within the neck region changes both the conformation of the neck region and the interactions between Myo1 and its associating calmodulin light chains. S742 phosphorylation thereby couples the calcium and TOR signaling networks that are involved in the modulation of myosin-1 dynamics to co-ordinate actin polymerization and membrane reorganization at sites of endocytosis and polarised cell growth in response to environmental and cell-cycle cues.

HMGB proteins involved in TOR signaling as general regulators of cell growth by controlling ribosome biogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vizoso-Vázquez ◽  
A. Barreiro-Alonso ◽  
M. I. González-Siso ◽  
E. Rodríguez-Belmonte ◽  
M. Lamas-Maceiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Hmgb Proteins

scholarly journals Structure and function of ribosomal RNA gene chromatin

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L. Birch ◽  
Joost C.B.M. Zomerdijk
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pol I ◽  
And Function ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Cellular Control

Transcription of the major ribosomal RNAs by Pol I (RNA polymerase I) is a key determinant of ribosome biogenesis, driving cell growth and proliferation in eukaryotes. Hundreds of copies of rRNA genes are present in each cell, and there is evidence that the cellular control of Pol I transcription involves adjustments to the number of rRNA genes actively engaged in transcription, as well as to the rate of transcription from each active gene. Chromatin structure is inextricably linked to rRNA gene activity, and the present review highlights recent advances in this area.

scholarly journals TGFβ/Activin signalling is required for ribosome biogenesis and cell growth in Drosophila salivary glands

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 160258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torcato Martins ◽  
Nadia Eusebio ◽  
Andreia Correia ◽  
Joana Marinho ◽  
Fernando Casares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Nucleolar Structure ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Tgfβ Superfamily

Signalling by TGFβ superfamily factors plays an important role in tissue growth and cell proliferation. In Drosophila , the activity of the TGFβ/Activin signalling branch has been linked to the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, but the cellular and molecular basis for these functions are not fully understood. In this study, we show that both the RII receptor Punt (Put) and the R-Smad Smad2 are strongly required for cell and tissue growth. Knocking down the expression of Put or Smad2 in salivary glands causes alterations in nucleolar structure and functions. Cells with decreased TGFβ/Activin signalling accumulate intermediate pre-rRNA transcripts containing internal transcribed spacer 1 regions accompanied by the nucleolar retention of ribosomal proteins. Thus, our results show that TGFβ/Activin signalling is required for ribosomal biogenesis, a key aspect of cellular growth control. Importantly, overexpression of Put enhanced cell growth induced by Drosophila Myc, a well-characterized inducer of nucleolar hypertrophy and ribosome biogenesis.

scholarly journals Novel phospho-switch function of delta-catenin in dendrite development

2020 ◽  
Vol 219 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Baumert ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
Adriana Paulucci-Holthauzen ◽  
Aaron Wolfe ◽  
Cari Sagum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Dendrite Branching ◽  
Phosphorylation State ◽  
Glutamate Signaling ◽  
Dendrite Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
Circuit Formation

In neurons, dendrites form the major sites of information receipt and integration. It is thus vital that, during development, the dendritic arbor is adequately formed to enable proper neural circuit formation and function. While several known processes shape the arbor, little is known of those that govern dendrite branching versus extension. Here, we report a new mechanism instructing dendrites to branch versus extend. In it, glutamate signaling activates mGluR5 receptors to promote Ckd5-mediated phosphorylation of the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of delta-catenin. The phosphorylation state of this motif determines delta-catenin’s ability to bind either Pdlim5 or Magi1. Whereas the delta:Pdlim5 complex enhances dendrite branching at the expense of elongation, the delta:Magi1 complex instead promotes lengthening. Our data suggest that these complexes affect dendrite development by differentially regulating the small-GTPase RhoA and actin-associated protein Cortactin. We thus reveal a “phospho-switch” within delta-catenin, subject to a glutamate-mediated signaling pathway, that assists in balancing the branching versus extension of dendrites during neural development.

scholarly journals Pseudouridine-FreeEscherichia coliRibosomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O'Connor ◽  
Margus Leppik ◽  
Jaanus Remme
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudouridine Synthase ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
And Function ◽  
Critical Regions ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACTPseudouridine (Ψ) is present at conserved, functionally important regions in the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) from all three domains of life. Little, however, is known about the functions of Ψ modifications in bacterial ribosomes. AnEscherichia colistrain has been constructed in which all seven rRNA Ψ synthases have been inactivated and whose ribosomes are devoid of all Ψs. Surprisingly, this strain displays only minor defects in ribosome biogenesis and function, and cell growth is only modestly affected. This is in contrast to a strong requirement for Ψ in eukaryotic ribosomes and suggests divergent roles for rRNA Ψ modifications in these two domains.IMPORTANCEPseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant posttranscriptional modification in RNAs. In the ribosome, Ψ modifications are typically located at conserved, critical regions, suggesting they play an important functional role. In eukarya and archaea, rRNAs are modified by a single pseudouridine synthase (PUS) enzyme, targeted to rRNA via a snoRNA-dependent mechanism, while bacteria use multiple stand-alone PUS enzymes. Disruption of Ψ modification of rRNA in eukarya seriously impairs ribosome function and cell growth. We have constructed anE. colimultiple deletion strain lacking all Ψ modifications in rRNA. In contrast to the equivalent eukaryotic mutants, theE. colistrain is only modestly affected in growth, decoding, and ribosome biogenesis, indicating a differential requirement for Ψ modifications in these two domains.

scholarly journals Ribosome Biogenesis and Cancer: Overview on Ribosomal Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5496
Author(s):  
Annalisa Pecoraro ◽  
Martina Pagano ◽  
Giulia Russo ◽  
Annapina Russo
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosomes ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Ribosome ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation

Cytosolic ribosomes (cytoribosomes) are macromolecular ribonucleoprotein complexes that are assembled from ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins, which are essential for protein biosynthesis. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) perform translation of the proteins essential for the oxidative phosphorylation system. The biogenesis of cytoribosomes and mitoribosomes includes ribosomal RNA processing, modification and binding to ribosomal proteins and is assisted by numerous biogenesis factors. This is a major energy-consuming process in the cell and, therefore, is highly coordinated and sensitive to several cellular stressors. In mitochondria, the regulation of mitoribosome biogenesis is essential for cellular respiration, a process linked to cell growth and proliferation. This review briefly overviews the key stages of cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis; summarizes the main steps of ribosome biogenesis alterations occurring during tumorigenesis, highlighting the changes in the expression level of cytosolic ribosomal proteins (CRPs) and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) in different types of tumors; focuses on the currently available information regarding the extra-ribosomal functions of CRPs and MRPs correlated to cancer; and discusses the role of CRPs and MRPs as biomarkers and/or molecular targets in cancer treatment.

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