scholarly journals CD40L Reverse Signaling Influences Dendrite Spine Morphology and Expression of PSD-95 and Rho Small GTPases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Carriba ◽  
Sean Wyatt ◽  
Alun M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Spine Morphology ◽  
Reverse Signaling ◽  
Dendrite Spine

scholarly journals Rho Signaling in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Brain Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haorui Zhang ◽  
Youssif Ben Zablah ◽  
Haiwang Zhang ◽  
Zhengping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Rho Proteins ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Spine Morphology ◽  
Memory Impairments

Memory impairments are associated with many brain disorders such as autism, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. Forming memories involves modifications of synaptic transmission and spine morphology. The Rho family small GTPases are key regulators of synaptic plasticity by affecting various downstream molecules to remodel the actin cytoskeleton. In this paper, we will review recent studies on the roles of Rho proteins in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), the most extensively studied forms of synaptic plasticity widely regarded as cellular mechanisms for learning and memory. We will also discuss the involvement of Rho signaling in spine morphology, the structural basis of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Finally, we will review the association between brain disorders and abnormalities of Rho function. It is expected that studying Rho signaling at the synapse will contribute to the understanding of how memory is formed and disrupted in diseases.

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