scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Cancer Cell Death: A Primer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Sia ◽  
Radoslaw Szmyd ◽  
Eric Hau ◽  
Harriet E. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals The TAM family as a therapeutic target in combination with radiation therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth W. Tormoen ◽  
Marka R. Crittenden ◽  
Michael J. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation therapy is primarily a modality to kill cancer cells in the treatment field. It is becoming increasingly clear that radiation therapy can also be used to direct immune responses that have the potential to clear residual local or distant disease outside the treatment field. We believe that cancer cell death is the critical link between these processes. Understanding the handling of dying cancer cells by immune cells in the tumor environment is crucial to facilitate immune responses following radiation therapy. We review the role of the TAM (Tyro3 Axl Mertk) group of receptor tyrosine kinases and their role following radiation-induced cancer cell death in the tumor environment.

scholarly journals The Role of mTOR Inhibition in Augmenting Radiation Induced Autophagy

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry. J. Jaboin ◽  
Eric T. Shinohara ◽  
Luigi Moretti ◽  
Eddy S. Yang ◽  
Joseph M. Kaminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Therapeutic Ratio ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Decrease Cell Proliferation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation affects both tumor and normal tissues, limiting the total delivered radiation dose. Therefore, novel ways to exploit molecular targets and improve the therapeutic ratio are continually being investigated. Autophagy plays an important role in cancer cell death decisions, particularly in solid tumors. This is counterbalanced by its function in cellular energy preservation. Recent studies have attempted to exploit autophagy in order to improve therapeutic ratio. However, direct inhibition of autophagy has been demonstrated to promote cancer cell death or survival dependent on cell type and condition. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) also regulates autophagy, as well as cell survival and proliferation pathways. Therefore, inhibition at this level of signaling would represent an excellent therapeutic target as it would limit cell growth, decrease cell proliferation, and boost autophagocytosis. Current investigations of mTOR inhibitors in combination with radiation appear to potentiate radiation's ability to induce autophagy. Further studies are necessary to fully elucidate which tumors have the most robust induction of autophagy in response to mTOR inhibition and radiation.

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