scholarly journals Avian Primordial Germ Cells Contribute to and Interact With the Extracellular Matrix During Early Migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Huss ◽  
Sasha Saias ◽  
Sevag Hamamah ◽  
Jennifer M. Singh ◽  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Early Migration

Identification of tissues and patterning events required for distinct steps in early migration of zebrafish primordial germ cells

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5295-5307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Weidinger ◽  
U. Wolke ◽  
M. Koprunner ◽  
M. Klinger ◽  
E. Raz
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Dorsoventral Patterning ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Somatic Tissues

In many organisms, the primordial germ cells have to migrate from the position where they are specified towards the developing gonad where they generate gametes. Extensive studies of the migration of primordial germ cells in Drosophila, mouse, chick and Xenopus have identified somatic tissues important for this process and demonstrated a role for specific molecules in directing the cells towards their target. In zebrafish, a unique situation is found in that the primordial germ cells, as marked by expression of vasa mRNA, are specified in random positions relative to the future embryonic axis. Hence, the migrating cells have to navigate towards their destination from various starting positions that differ among individual embryos. Here, we present a detailed description of the migration of the primordial germ cells during the first 24 hours of wild-type zebrafish embryonic development. We define six distinct steps of migration bringing the primordial germ cells from their random positions before gastrulation to form two cell clusters on either side of the midline by the end of the first day of development. To obtain information on the origin of the positional cues provided to the germ cells by somatic tissues during their migration, we analyzed the migration pattern in mutants, including spadetail, swirl, chordino, floating head, cloche, knypek and no isthmus. In mutants with defects in axial structures, paraxial mesoderm or dorsoventral patterning, we find that certain steps of the migration process are specifically affected. We show that the paraxial mesoderm is important for providing proper anteroposterior information to the migrating primordial germ cells and that these cells can respond to changes in the global dorsoventral coordinates. In certain mutants, we observe accumulation of ectopic cells in different regions of the embryo. These ectopic cells can retain both morphological and molecular characteristics of primordial germ cells, suggesting that, in zebrafish at the early stages tested, the vasa-expressing cells are committed to the germ cell lineage.

scholarly journals Interactions between Germ Cells and Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins during Migration and Gonad Assembly in the Mouse Embryo

1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín I. García-Castro ◽  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Janet Heasman ◽  
Christopher Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Combinatorial Mechanism ◽  
Cell Surface Proteoglycan ◽  
Strength Of Adhesion

Cells are known to bind to individual extracellular matrix glycoproteins in a complex and poorly understood way. Overall strength of adhesion is thought to be mediated by a combinatorial mechanism, involving adhesion of a cell to a variety of binding sites on the target glycoproteins. During migration in embryos, cells must alter their overall adhesiveness to the substrate to allow locomotion. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is not well understood. During early development, the cells destined to form the gametes, the primordial germ cells (PGCs), migrate from the developing hind gut to the site where the gonad will form. We have used whole-mount immunocytochemistry to study the changing distribution of three extracellular matrix glycoproteins, collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin, during PGC migration and correlated this with quantitative assays of adhesiveness of PGCs to each of these. We show that PGCs change their strength of adhesion to each glycoprotein differentially during these stages. Furthermore, we show that PGCs interact with a discrete tract of laminin at the end of migration. Closer analysis of the adhesion of PGCs to laminin revealed that PGCs adhere particularly strongly to the E3 domain of laminin, and blocking experiments in vitro suggest that they adhere to this domain using a cell surface proteoglycan.

Distribution of extracellular matrix in the migratory pathway of avian primordial germ cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance E. Urven ◽  
Ursula K. Abbott ◽  
Carol A. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Migratory Pathway

Response to fibronectin of mouse primordial germ cells before, during and after migration

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ffrench-Constant ◽  
A. Hollingsworth ◽  
J. Heasman ◽  
C.C. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Fibronectin Mrna

The adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibronectin is thought to play a central role in cell migration during embryogenesis. In order to define this role, we have examined the response to fibronectin in cell culture of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) before, during and after their migration from the hindgut into their target tissue, the genital ridges. Using an explant culture system, we show that PGCs will emigrate from tissue fragments containing hindgut, and that fibronectin stimulates this migration. Adhesion assays show that the start of PGC migration is associated with a fall in adhesion to fibronectin. Double-labelling studies using in situ hybridization and histochemistry demonstrate that migrating PGCs do not contain detectable fibronectin mRNA, suggesting that they do not synthesize and secrete the fibronectin within their migratory substratum. Taken together, these findings are consistent with an important role for fibronectin in stimulating PGC migration. In addition, however, they suggest that the interaction between PGCs and fibronectin may be important in timing the start of migration, with the fall in adhesion allowing the PGCs to commence their migration towards the genital ridges.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the rat ovary: II. Ultrastructure induced by medium (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
Amreek Singh ◽  
Warren G. Foster ◽  
Anna Dykeman ◽  
David C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Ovary Surface Epithelium ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
High Doses

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a known toxicant that is found in the environment as a by-product during manufacture of certain pesticides. This chlorinated chemical has been isolated from many tissues including ovary. When administered in high doses, HCB causes degeneration of primordial germ cells and ovary surface epithelium in sub-human primates. A purpose of this experiment was to determine a no-effect dose of the chemical on the rat ovary. The study is part of a comprehensive investigation on the effects of the compound on the biochemical, hematological, and morphological parameters in the monkey and rat.

Transfusion of Chick Primordial Germ Cells into Quail Embryos and their Settlement in Gonads

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao ONO ◽  
Ryohei YOKOI ◽  
Seishi MAEDA ◽  
Takao NISHIDA ◽  
Hirohiko AOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells
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