scholarly journals The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market

10.3386/w9755 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Borjas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market

2019 ◽  
pp. 449-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Borjas ◽  
Barry R. Chiswick ◽  
George J. Borjas ◽  
Barry R. Chiswick ◽  
George J. Borjas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
National Labor Market ◽  
Over Time

Immigration is not evenly balanced across groups of workers that have the same education but differ in their work experience, and the nature of the supply imbalance changes over time. This chapter develops a new approach for estimating the labor market impact of immigration by exploiting this variation in supply shifts across education-experience groups. The author assumes that similarly educated workers with different levels of experience participate in a national labor market and are not perfect substitutes. The analysis indicates that immigration lowers the wage of competing workers: a 10 percent increase in supply reduces wages by 3 to 4 percent.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

An urban labor market with frictional housing markets: theory and an application to the Paris urban area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Chapelle ◽  
Etienne Wasmer ◽  
Pierre-Henri Bono
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Competitive Pricing ◽  
Urban Labor Market

Abstract We build a tractable model of frictional labor markets and segmented housing markets to study welfare effects of regulations, including spatial misallocation and deviation from competitive pricing of rents. The model is summarized by a labor demand curve depending on rents and wages, a wage curve reflecting labor market tightness and rents, and finally a rent curve reflecting employment. In this economy, the rent gradient in the flexible rent sector is higher than in a purely competitive housing market. This leads to spatial misallocation due to some employees commuting too much and some non-employed living inefficiently close to jobs. In turn, reducing generalized commuting costs reduces the rent gradient in the flexible rent sector and the cost of spatial misallocation of workers. The reduction in market rents is maximal when labor markets are less frictional and housing markets are more frictional, and welfare gains are larger when both are more efficient.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Effects of Public Investment on Labor Demand through the Channel of Economic Growth with a Focus on Socio-Professional Categories and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Mame Cheikh Anta Sall ◽  
Adriana Burlea-Schiopoiu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to analyze the impact of public investments generated by implementing the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP) on economic growth and gender inequalities observed in the labor market in Senegal. A dynamic computable general equilibrium modeling was carried out for this purpose using a social accounting matrix (SAM) based on an extensive segmentation of the labor market according to gender and socio-professional category. The results prove that the investments made in priority market sectors led, overall, to a good trajectory of economic growth. Moreover, job creation followed the expansion of sectors of the economy, which increased their demand for labor because of the capital increase. In conclusion, there is a strong demand for qualified women (senior executives and middle executives). We recommend considering positive discrimination in favor of women by implementing public employment programs and the importance of recovery sectors affected by the pandemic.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY ON THE LABOR MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
О.А. Сайченко
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Данная статья посвящена исследованию проблематики воздействия процессов цифровизации мировой экономики и отечественной экономики на рынок труда. В результате исследования выявлены тенденции трансформации рынка труда под воздействием цифровизации, направления изменения организации труда, структуры рынка труда, спроса на труд и предложения труда. The article aims to explore the impact of the process-es of digitalization of the world economy and the do-mestic economy on the labor market, as well as the vulnerability of workers under the influence of digitaliza-tion and mobility. The results of the study comprise trends in the transformation of the labor market under the influence of digitalization, directions of changes in the organization of labor, the structure of the labor mar-ket, labor demand and labor supply.

scholarly journals More Power to the People: Electricity Adoption, Technological Change, and Labor Conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jakob Molinder ◽  
Tobias Karlsson ◽  
Kerstin Enflo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Labor Strikes ◽  
The People ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
The Impact

Will technical change spur conflicts in the labor market? In this study, we examine electricity adoption in Sweden during the first decades of the twentieth century. Exploiting that proximity to hydropowered plants shaped the electricity network independently of previous local conditions, we estimate the impact of electricity on labor strikes. Our results indicate that electricity adoption preceded an increase in conflicts, but strikes were of an offensive nature and most common in sectors with increasing labor demand. This suggests that electrification provided workers with a stronger bargaining position from which they could voice their claims.

scholarly journals The Declining Labor Market Prospects of Less-Educated Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel J. Binder ◽  
John Bound
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
College Education ◽  
Participation Rate

Over the last half century, US wage growth stagnated, wage inequality rose, and the labor-force participation rate of prime-age men steadily declined. In this article, we examine these worrying labor market trends, focusing on outcomes for males without a college education. Though wages and participation have fallen in tandem for this population, we argue that the canonical neoclassical framework, which postulates a labor demand curve shifting inward across a stable labor supply curve, does not reasonably explain the data. Alternatives we discuss include adjustment frictions associated with labor demand shocks and effects of the changing marriage market—that is, the fact that fewer less-educated men are forming their own stable families—on male labor supply incentives. In the synthesis that emerges, the phenomenon of declining prime-age male labor-force participation is not coherently explained by a series of causal factors acting separately. A more reasonable interpretation, we argue, involves complex feedbacks between labor demand, family structure, and other factors that have disproportionately affected less-educated men.

scholarly journals Labor Markets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Competitive Labor Market

What is the labor market? Like the goods and services markets, a labor market consists of the supply and demand sides. In the labor market, while workers supply labor, firms demand labor. This chapter studies the backward-bending nature of the labor supply curve and the downward-sloping nature of the labor demand curve. We also analyze the labor market equilibrium in a perfectly competitive labor market. Several policies such as immigration and minimum wage will be introduced to illustrate how government policies affect the labor market equilibrium.

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