Environmental Justice and Coasian Bargaining: The Role of Race and Income in Lease Negotiations for Shale Gas

This chapter explores the role of ecotourism in the sustainable development of protected areas. It specifically examines the aims of ecotourism in simultaneously contributing to economic development and environmental sustainability in protected areas. The chapter further analyzes protected areas within the ecological, human, and institutional dimensions, and demonstrates how the outcomes of ecotourism are linked to the economic, social, and environmental pillars that drive sustainable development. The chapter also discusses challenges surrounding the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas and several mitigation strategies. It concludes that while ecotourism aims for economic development it can have detrimental effects on the ecological resources and host communities if not managed in a strategic sustainable way. The chapter recommends that ecotourism in protected areas should be carried out within the realm of environmental justice where all stakeholders and the natural environment are treated with respect and equity.

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Environmental justice and the politics of pollution: The case of the Formosa Ha Tinh Steel pollution incident in Vietnam

Environment and Planning E Nature and Space ◽

10.1177/2514848620973164 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 251484862097316

Author(s):

Mei-Fang Fan ◽

Chih-Ming Chiu ◽

Leslie Mabon

Keyword(s):

Environmental Justice ◽

Transnational Networks ◽

Democratic Participation ◽

Steel Mill ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Problem Framing ◽

Access To Knowledge ◽

Local Narratives ◽

New Infrastructure

Research on environmental justice in authoritarian regimes, and in particular on how transnational networks support problem framing and claims-making in the absence of state-led democratic participation instances, is limited. This article uses the case of untreated wastewater from a steel mill owned by Taiwanese conglomerate Formosa Plastics Group, which caused mass fish deaths along coastal provinces in Vietnam in 2016, to explore how civic groups and local communities problematize official accounts of events and engage with transnational networks to make claims to environmental injustice. The paper highlights local narratives about the adverse impacts of the disaster on residents’ livelihoods and wellbeing, controversies over the causes of and responsibility for the disaster, and the role of transnational alliances with Taiwan in sustaining and magnifying claims to injustice. We argue that viewing issues such as the Formosa steel incident through a transnational environmental justice lens illuminates the effect of global and national processes of economic reform in shaping uneven environmental and social impacts from new infrastructure developments. We also argue that thinking in terms of transnational networks can make sense of the spaces which can emerge for claims-making in authoritarian contexts, where democratic participation instances and access to knowledge may be restricted.

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Role of Gas Viscosity for Shale Gas Percolation

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2020/8892461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaoming Wang ◽

Junbin Chen ◽

Dazhong Ren ◽

Zhaolong Shi

Keyword(s):

Pressure Drop ◽

Shale Gas ◽

Double Porosity ◽

Gas Viscosity ◽

Important Index ◽

Bottom Hole ◽

Fracture Systems ◽

Bottom Hole Flowing Pressure ◽

Porosity Model

Viscosity is an important index to evaluate gas flowability. In this paper, a double-porosity model considering the effect of pressure on gas viscosity was established to study shale gas percolation through reservoir pressure, gas velocity, and bottom hole flowing pressure. The experimental results show that when pressure affects gas viscosity, shale gas viscosity decreases, which increases the percolation velocity and pressure drop velocity of the free state shale gas in matrix and fracture systems. And it is conducive to the desorption of adsorbed shale gas and effectively supplemented the bottom hole flowing pressure with the pressure wave propagation range and velocity increasing, so that the rate of pressure drop at the bottom of the well slows down, which makes the time that bottom hole flowing pressure reaches stability shortened. Therefore, the gas viscosity should be fully considered when studying the reservoir gas percolation.

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