scholarly journals Dynamic Trade-offs and Labor Supply Under the CARES Act

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Boar ◽  
Simon Mongey
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Labor Supply Preferences, Hours Constraints, and Hours-Wage Trade-offs

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Altonji ◽  
Christina H. Paxson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hours Constraints

scholarly journals Epidemiological and economic impact of COVID-19 in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhuo Chen ◽  
Anil Vullikanti ◽  
Joost Santos ◽  
Srinivasan Venkatramanan ◽  
Stefan Hoops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Us

AbstractThis research measures the epidemiological and economic impact of COVID-19 spread in the US under different mitigation scenarios, comprising of non-pharmaceutical interventions. A detailed disease model of COVID-19 is combined with a model of the US economy to estimate the direct impact of labor supply shock to each sector arising from morbidity, mortality, and lockdown, as well as the indirect impact caused by the interdependencies between sectors. During a lockdown, estimates of jobs that are workable from home in each sector are used to modify the shock to labor supply. Results show trade-offs between economic losses, and lives saved and infections averted are non-linear in compliance to social distancing and the duration of the lockdown. Sectors that are worst hit are not the labor-intensive sectors such as the Agriculture sector and the Construction sector, but the ones with high valued jobs such as the Professional Services, even after the teleworkability of jobs is accounted for. Additionally, the findings show that a low compliance to interventions can be overcome by a longer shutdown period and vice versa to arrive at similar epidemiological impact but their net effect on economic loss depends on the interplay between the marginal gains from averting infections and deaths, versus the marginal loss from having healthy workers stay at home during the shutdown.

The Design of In-work Benefits

2018 ◽  
pp. 244-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Vandelannoote ◽  
Gerlinde Verbist
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Work Incentives ◽  
Intensive Margin ◽  
Stepwise Manner ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on the impact of the design of in-work benefits on work incentives and poverty reduction. Focusing on one country, Belgium, microsimulation techniques are used to study stylized design changes in a stepwise manner, examining in each step which characteristics of an in-work benefit “make it work.” As this study makes clear, both the size and design matter. Sufficient budget is needed to reach significant changes in outcomes, while the exact specifications of the way in which the benefit is designed are crucial. The results show some trade-offs between employment and poverty objectives, as well as between labor-supply outcomes at the extensive and the intensive margin. For the Belgian context, an individual-based system that uses hourly wages as a threshold seems to reconcile both work incentives and poverty outcomes in a satisfactory way.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the US

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangzhuo Chen ◽  
Anil Vullikanti ◽  
Joost Santos ◽  
Srinivasan Venkatramanan ◽  
Stefan Hoops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

AbstractThis research measures the epidemiological and economic impact of COVID-19 spread in the US under different mitigation scenarios, comprising of non-pharmaceutical interventions. A detailed disease model of COVID-19 is combined with a model of the US economy to estimate the direct impact of labor supply shock to each sector arising from morbidity, mortality, and lockdown, as well as the indirect impact caused by the interdependencies between sectors. During a lockdown, estimates of jobs that are workable from home in each sector are used to modify the shock to labor supply. Results show trade-offs between economic losses, and lives saved and infections averted are non-linear in compliance to social distancing and the duration of lockdown. Sectors that are worst hit are not the labor-intensive sectors such as Agriculture and Construction, but the ones with high valued jobs such as Professional Services, even after the teleworkability of jobs is accounted for. Additionally, the findings show that a low compliance to interventions can be overcome by a longer shutdown period and vice versa to arrive at similar epidemiological impact but their net effect on economic loss depends on the interplay between the marginal gains from averting infections and deaths, versus the marginal loss from having healthy workers stay at home during the shutdown.

Novel players fine-tune plant trade-offs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez ◽  
Marta Boter ◽  
Roberto Solano
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Feedback Loop ◽  
Fine Tune

Jasmonates (JAs) are essential signalling molecules that co-ordinate the plant response to biotic and abiotic challenges, as well as co-ordinating several developmental processes. Huge progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the components and mechanisms that govern JA perception and signalling. The bioactive form of the hormone, (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), is perceived by the COI1–JAZ co-receptor complex. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins also act as direct repressors of transcriptional activators such as MYC2. In the emerging picture of JA-Ile perception and signalling, COI1 operates as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that upon binding of JA-Ile targets JAZ repressors for degradation by the 26S proteasome, thereby derepressing transcription factors such as MYC2, which in turn activate JA-Ile-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. It is noteworthy that MYCs and different spliced variants of the JAZ proteins are involved in a negative regulatory feedback loop, which suggests a model that rapidly turns the transcriptional JA-Ile responses on and off and thereby avoids a detrimental overactivation of the pathway. This chapter highlights the most recent advances in our understanding of JA-Ile signalling, focusing on the latest repertoire of new targets of JAZ proteins to control different sets of JA-Ile-mediated responses, novel mechanisms of negative regulation of JA-Ile signalling, and hormonal cross-talk at the molecular level that ultimately determines plant adaptability and survival.

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

Traits and trade-offs are insufficient for evolutionary personality psychology.

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon M. Sheldon ◽  
Melanie S. Sheldon ◽  
Charles P. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Trade Offs
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