scholarly journals Valuing the Global Mortality Consequences of Climate Change Accounting for Adaptation Costs and Benefits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamma Carleton ◽  
Amir Jina ◽  
Michael Delgado ◽  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Trevor Houser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Adaptation Costs

Valuing the Global Mortality Consequences of Climate Change Accounting for Adaptation Costs and Benefits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamma Carleton ◽  
Michael Delgado ◽  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Trevor Houser ◽  
Solomon Hsiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Adaptation Costs

Valuing the Global Mortality Consequences of Climate Change Accounting for Adaptation Costs and Benefits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamma Carleton ◽  
Amir Jina ◽  
Michael Delgado ◽  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Trevor Houser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Adaptation Costs

scholarly journals Trading-off tolerable risk with climate change adaptation costs in water supply systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 622-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Borgomeo ◽  
Mohammad Mortazavi-Naeini ◽  
Jim W. Hall ◽  
Michael J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Tim Watson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Tolerable Risk ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Adaptation Costs

scholarly journals A Framework for Identification, Assessment and Prioritization of Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Roads and Railways

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12314
Author(s):  
Yvonne Andersson-Sköld ◽  
Lina Nordin ◽  
Erik Nyberg ◽  
Mikael Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Severe Accidents ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures

Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today’s climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal- and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them.

scholarly journals The Power of Peers: How Transnational Advocacy Networks Shape NGO Strategies on Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hadden ◽  
Lorien Jasny
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Advocacy Networks ◽  
Transnational Advocacy Networks ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
Network Autocorrelation ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

What explains variation in the tactical choices of non-governmental organizations (NGOs)? This article uses network autocorrelation models to establish how the tactical choices of climate change NGOs are shaped by their embeddedness in transnational advocacy networks. Specifically, it finds that NGOs are more likely to adopt protest tactics when adjacent organizations – those with whom they have direct ties – have already done so. The choices of equivalent organizations – those that occupy similar relational roles in the network – do not appear to be influential. Qualitative evidence also shows that NGOs are affected by relational pressure from their peers, which alters their perception of costs and benefits. These findings enhance understanding of how networks influence actors’ behavior and offer insights into the relational processes that generate protest in global politics.

scholarly journals COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SWITZERLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950005 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK VÖHRINGER ◽  
MARC VIELLE ◽  
PHILIPPE THALMANN ◽  
ANITA FREHNER ◽  
WOLFGANG KNOKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Data Constraints

Understanding the economic magnitude of climate change (CC) impacts is a prerequisite for developing adequate adaptation strategies. In Switzerland, despite new climate scenarios and impact studies, only few impacts have been monetized. Our objective is to assess costs and opportunities of CC for Switzerland by 2060, while enhancing the assessment methods. Using inputs from bottom-up impact studies, we simulate the economic consequences of climate scenarios in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework. We cover health, buildings/infrastructure, energy, water, agriculture, tourism, the spill-overs to other sectors, and international effects. Due to data constraints, significant impacts have not been quantified, e.g., for heat waves and droughts more extreme than the 2060 average climate. For the considered impacts, welfare decreases by 0.37% to 1.37% in 2060 relative to a reference without CC. Higher summer temperatures increase mortality and decrease productivity. Contrariwise, tourism benefits from extended summer seasons. Regarding energy, increased demand for cooling is overcompensated by savings in heating.

Confronting Climate Change: An Early Analysis of Water and Wastewater Adaptation Costs Through 2050

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (15) ◽  
pp. 1940-1966
Author(s):  
Kathy Freas ◽  
Laurens van der Tak ◽  
Jacqueline Kepke ◽  
Phillip Pasteris ◽  
Patrick Karney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Early Analysis ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Adaptation Costs

Environmental Accounting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Weber
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Wealth

Environmental accounting is an attempt to broaden the scope of the accounting frameworks used to assess economic performance, to take stock of elements that are not recorded in public or private accounting books. These gaps occur because the various costs of using nature are not captured, being considered, in many cases, as externalities that can be forwarded to others or postponed. Positive externalities—the natural resource—are depleted with no recording in National Accounts (while companies do record them as depreciation elements). Depletion of renewable resource results in degradation of the environment, which adds to negative externalities resulting from pollution and fragmentation of cyclic and living systems. Degradation, or its financial counterpart in depreciation, is not recorded at all. Therefore, the indicators of production, income, consumption, saving, investment, and debts on which many economic decisions are taken are flawed, or at least incomplete and sometimes misleading, when immediate benefits are in fact losses in the long run, when we consume the reproductive functions of our capital. Although national accounting has been an important driving force in change, environmental accounting encompasses all accounting frameworks including national accounts, financial accounting standards, and accounts established to assess the costs and benefits of plans and projects. There are several approaches to economic environmental accounting at the national level. Of these approaches, one purpose is the calculation of genuine economic welfare by taking into account losses from environmental damage caused by economic activity and gains from unrecorded services provided by Nature. Here, particular attention is given to the calculation of a “Green GDP” or “Adjusted National Income” and/or “Genuine Savings” as well as natural assets value and depletion. A different view considers the damages caused to renewable natural capital and the resulting maintenance and restoration costs. Besides approaches based on benefits and costs, more descriptive accounts in physical units are produced with the purpose of assessing resource use efficiency. With regard to natural assets, the focus can be on assets directly used by the economy, or more broadly, on ecosystem capacity to deliver services, ecosystem resilience, and its possible degradation. These different approaches are not necessarily contradictory, although controversies can be noted in the literature. The discussion focuses on issues such as the legitimacy of combining values obtained with shadow prices (needed to value the elements that are not priced by the market) with the transaction values recorded in the national accounts, the relative importance of accounts in monetary vs. physical units, and ultimately, the goals for environmental accounting. These goals include assessing the sustainability of the economy in terms of conservation (or increase) of the net income flow and total economic wealth (the weak sustainability paradigm), in relation to the sustainability of the ecosystem, which supports livelihoods and well-being in the broader sense (strong sustainability). In 2012, the UN Statistical Commission adopted an international statistical standard called, the “System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Central Framework” (SEEA CF). The SEEA CF covers only items for which enough experience exists to be proposed for implementation by national statistical offices. A second volume on SEEA-Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EEA) was added in 2013 to supplement the SEEA CF with a research agenda and the development of tests. Experiments of the SEEA-EEA are developing at the initiative of the World Bank (WAVES), UN Environment Programme (VANTAGE, ProEcoServ), or the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (SEEA-Ecosystem Natural Capital Accounts-Quick Start Package [ENCA-QSP]). Beside the SEEA and in relation to it, other environmental accounting frameworks have been developed for specific purposes, including material flow accounting (MFA), which is now a regular framework at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to report on the Green Growth strategy, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), reporting greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration. Can be considered as well the Ecological Footprint accounts, which aim at raising awareness that our resource use is above what the planet can deliver, or the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005, which presents tables and an overall assessment in an accounting style. Environmental accounting is also a subject of interest for business, both as a way to assess impacts—costs and benefits of projects—and to define new accounting standards to assess their long term performance and risks.

scholarly journals Insights on Urban and Periurban Adaptation Strategies Based on Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Hard and Soft Responses to Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martinez-Juarez ◽  
Aline Chiabai ◽  
Cristina Suárez ◽  
Sonia Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Adapting to expected impacts of climate change is a task shared by multiple institutions and individuals, but much of this work falls over local and regional authorities, which has made them experts over the issue. At the same time, adaptation to climate change has been a research interest in different academic fields; while private companies provide research and development efforts on the issue. Views from perspectives may contain common ground and discrepancies, but benefits from the discussion may differ among these three sectors. This study shows the application of collaborative approaches to analyze impacts and adaptation measures at a local level. A stakeholder workshop was held in the city of Bilbao to discuss impacts of climate change and adaptation in the local context of the Basque Country. The contributions were proposed on three axes: impacts from climate change, good practices proposed or already in action, and costs and benefits derived from those strategies. Participants were asked to rank a series of measures and practices extracted from their previous inputs. These measures were analyzed after applying bootstrapping techniques, according to the perceived costs and benefits assigned to each of the grouped measures and practices. Participants estimated that groups containing green adaptation measures and those that had potentially positive impacts over climate change mitigation were the most efficient measures, as reduced costs combined with high benefits could lead to win–win adaptation strategies, while grey infrastructures were seen as providing high benefits at high costs.

Sharing the costs and benefits of climate change mitigation via Shapley value

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 33157-33168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman ◽  
Ugur Soytas ◽  
Sui Peng ◽  
Shaoan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Shapley Value ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Change Mitigation
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