scholarly journals Moral Universalism and the Structure of Ideology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Enke ◽  
Ricardo Rodríguez-Padilla ◽  
Florian Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Moral Universalism

VIRTUE AND NATURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Gowans
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Worth ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virtuous Agent ◽  
Restricted Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Philippa Foot ◽  
Moral Universalism

The Neo-Aristotelian ethical naturalism of Philippa Foot and Rosalind Hursthouse purports to establish a naturalistic criterion for the virtues. Specifically, by developing a parallel between the natural ends of nonhuman animals and the natural ends of human beings, they argue that character traits are justified as virtues by the extent to which they promote and do not inhibit natural ends such as self-preservation, reproduction, and the well-being of one’s social group. I argue that the approach of Foot and Hursthouse cannot provide a basis for moral universalism, the widely-accepted idea that each human being has moral worth and thus deserves significant moral consideration. Foot and Hursthouse both depict a virtuous agent as implicitly acting in accord with moral universalism. However, with respect to charity, a virtue they both emphasize, their naturalistic criterion (especially in the more elaborate form developed by Hursthouse) at best provides a warrant for a restricted form of charity that extends only to a limited number of persons. There is nothing in the natural ends of human beings, as Foot and Hursthouse understand these, that gives us a reason for having any concern for the well-being of human beings as such.

scholarly journals Moral Relativism and Moral Universalism: a Coherentist Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Damien Anthony Cole
Keyword(s):  
Moral Relativism ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Moral Universalism

<p>In the following work I examine the long-standing dispute between the moral relativist and their opponent, who I call the moral universalist. I examine this dispute from a coherentist perspective. For both moral relativism and moral universalism I identify a key conviction underlying the position and I attempt to deliver a theory that accommodates both of these two convictions in a coherent fashion. This involves distinguishing between distinct types of moral principle and showing how the relativist's conviction is a reaction to one type while the universalist's conviction is a reaction to another type. These types of moral principle are not mutually exclusive, however, and a large part of my project will be to explain how each type of principle is able to be included as part of a coherent whole.</p>

scholarly journals Moral Universalism and the Structure of Ideology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Enke ◽  
Ricardo Rodriguez-Padilla ◽  
Florian Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Moral Universalism

scholarly journals Dynamic nature of human rights: Rawls's critique of moral universalism

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Ivic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
Modern Conception ◽  
Moral Universalism

Human rights do not represent an absolute truth. Otherwise, they would represent ideology, which is contradictory to the basic idea of human rights itself. Consequently, there is a need for redefinition of the main presuppositions of modern conception of human rights represented in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This paper argues that Rawls's conception of human rights is significant for the refiguration of human rights. It represents the path towards postmodern idea of human rights and the recognition of difference.

Perceptions of Science and Global Order

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Or Rosenboim
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
World Order ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
Moral Universalism ◽  
Post War ◽  
Lewis Mumford

This chapter examines how globalism intersected with competing perceptions of “science” in the 1940s as part of a political project to construct a new and better world order, often under American or Western guidance. In particular, it analyzes the views of Lewis Mumford, H. G. Wells, Charles E. Merriam, and Michael Polanyi—all of whom identified a new condition of political globalism that required a reconceptualization of political order—on morality and science as well as their argument that the post-war global order would intertwine scientific universalism with moral universalism grounded in a notion of common humanity. The chapter also considers Mumford’s response to the universal menace of the atomic bomb, paying attention to his emphasis on humanity’s universal commitment to shared values.

scholarly journals CZECH REPUBLIC FOREIGN POLICY: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
K.I Kuznietsova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Moral Universalism ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
The Cold War

In the 1990s the Czech foreign policy objectives were to secure its proper place in international relations after the end of the Cold War, which included the entry of a number of international intergovernmental organizations (IMF, World Bank Group organizations, OECD, EBRD, NATO, EU, etc.) and the development of friendly relations with neighboring states and partners. In this sense, there is no reason to identify the foreign policy of the Czech Republic during this period only as a course aimed at "returning to Europe". In the early 1990's, most Czech political actors shared the idea of "return to the West" and "liberal democracy", the differences in their vision of the models of the geopolitical orientation of the Czech Republic make it possible to distinguish between the interaction of the three main foreign policy ideologies in the process of adopting foreign policy decisions: atlanticism, continentalism, and autonomy. Different interpretations of the essence of "liberal democracy" led to the emergence in the Czech politics of two ideological trends that had a significant impact on the vision of the foreign policy priorities of the Czech Republic: economic universalism (aimed at eliminating institutional barriers to the free flow of goods, services, money), and moral universalism (oriented towards the spread of democracy and the protection of human rights, which is a priority in foreign policy). Followers of economic universalism (primarily V. Klaus) actively advocated the development of economic ties with Russia and China, while the followers of the ideology of moral universalism (V. Havel and his followers) actively opposed it. The article also investigates the influence of foreign policy prejudices on the formation of the foreign policy of the Czech Republic, among which the most influential are anti-Russian and anti-German.

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