scholarly journals The Effect of E-Cigarette Taxes on Pre-pregnancy and Prenatal Smoking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahi Abouk ◽  
Scott Adams ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Johanna Catherine Maclean ◽  
Michael Pesko
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Taxes

scholarly journals Analysis of the illicit tobacco market in Georgia in response to fiscal and non-fiscal tobacco control measures

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056404
Author(s):  
Megan Little ◽  
Hana Ross ◽  
George Bakhturidze ◽  
Iago Kachkachishvili
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Cigarette Pack

BackgroundGeorgian illicit cigarette consumption was 1.5% in 2017. In 2018, a new tobacco control law took effect followed by a substantial cigarette excise tax increase in 2019. Research shows these policies reduce tobacco consumption, but the tobacco industry argues they increase illicit trade. There is limited evidence on this, particularly from developing countries.MethodsA panel household survey in Georgia obtained data over three waves: 2017 baseline, 2018 after the tobacco control law took effect and 2019 after taxes increased. A sample of 1578 smokers (and quitters in later waves) from five regions reported their tobacco use and were asked to present a cigarette pack in their possession. These were examined for tax stamps and health warnings to establish legality.FindingsThere was no evidence of an increase in illicit cigarette consumption in Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Akhaltsikhe or Gori in any wave. In Zugdidi, near the Russian-occupied Abkhazia, illicit cigarette consumption was increasing even prior to the tax increase, reaching 30.9% by wave 3. A country-wide shift occurred from manufactured cigarettes to roll-your-own tobacco (whose tax remained unchanged) between waves 2 and 3.ConclusionNo evidence of a country-wide increase in illicit cigarette trade was found after non-fiscal tobacco measures took effect and cigarette taxes increased. Relatively high illicit cigarette consumption in Zugdidi highlights the role of disputed territories and border administration in illicit cigarette supply. Substitution towards roll-your-own tobacco after manufactured cigarette taxes increased demonstrates the importance of equalising taxes on tobacco products to maximise public health benefits.

scholarly journals Cigarette taxes, prices, and disparities in current smoking in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100686
Author(s):  
Lucie Kalousova ◽  
David Levy ◽  
Andrea R. Titus ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Taxes

scholarly journals La contrebande des produits du tabac au Canada entre 1985 et 1994 et le cas particulier du Québec

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Alain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

The professional smuggling of mass consumption products develops when demand for a product is not adequately fulfilled by the legitimate market. The difficulties encountered in supplying are, in most contemporary cases, caused by real rarity of the desired product. For other cases, however, the rarity is largely virtual in that government taxes aimed at the product in question lead to increasing the product's price to a prohibitive end. This was the case with cigarettes in Canada between 1985 and 1994. Before both, the federal and provincial, governments decided to drastically decrease cigarette taxes in February 1994, the price for a pack of cigarettes was five to six times higher than the same product in the United States. This article begins with a brief review of the contribution made by economists in regard to contemporary smuggling. Focus will be aimed at common characteristics of the smuggling phenomenon across the world. Elements which are more particular to the Canadian smuggling situation will be identified as well. While the difference in the price of cigarettes between Canada and the United States would seem to be the undeniable driving force behind the development of smuggling activities at the countries ' border, one key question remains unexplained. Why was the volume of contraband unequally distributed across Canada even though the price of cigarettes remained largely consistent throughout all provinces? The level of organization of smuggling networks was much higher in Eastern Canada, and particularly in Quebec, than it was in the western provinces. It is argued that the reasons for this are not only due to price, but to a series of political, historical, and geographical factors which allowed cigarette smugglers to function better in Quebec than in the rest of the country.

scholarly journals Can higher cigarette taxes improve birth outcomes?

1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Evans ◽  
Jeanne S. Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Cigarette Taxes

scholarly journals Relationship between antisocial behaviour, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and maternal prenatal smoking

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. M. Button ◽  
A. Thapar ◽  
P. McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with both antisocial behaviour and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, it is not clear whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is independently associated with antisocial behaviour or whether the association arises because antisocial behaviour and ADHD covary.AimsTo examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy, antisocial behaviour and ADHD in offspring.MethodQuestionnaires concerning behaviour and environmental factors were sent to twins from the CaStANET study and data analysed using a number of bivariate structural equation models.ResultsMaternal prenatal smoking contributed small but significant amounts to the variance of ADHD and of antisocial behaviour. The best fitting bivariate model was one in which maternal prenatal smoking had a specific influence on each phenotype, independent of the effect on the other phenotype.ConclusionsBoth antisocial behaviour and ADHD symptoms in offspring are independently influenced by maternal prenatal smoking during pregnancy.

Exposure to Cigarette Taxes as a Teenager and the Persistence of Smoking into Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Friedson ◽  
Moyan Li ◽  
Katherine Meckel ◽  
Daniel I. Rees ◽  
Daniel W. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Taxes
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