scholarly journals Workers' Employment Rates and Pension Reforms in France: the Role of Implicit Labor Taxation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Blanchet ◽  
Antoine Bozio ◽  
Simon Rabaté ◽  
Muriel Roger
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Labor Taxation ◽  
Employment Rates

scholarly journals Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
VINCENT BAKKER ◽  
OLAF VAN VLIET
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

Abstract Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions.

scholarly journals Voting in the aftermath of a pension reform: the role of financial literacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELSA FORNERO ◽  
ANNA LO PRETE
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Political Conditions

AbstractThis study documents that the electoral cost of major pension reforms is lower in countries where the level of financial literacy is higher. The evidence from data on legislative elections held between 1990 and 2010 in 21 advanced countries is robust when we control for macroeconomic, demographic, and political conditions. Interestingly, these findings are not robust when we use less specific indicators of human capital as general schooling, supporting the view that knowledge of basic economic and financial concepts has distinctive features that may help reduce the electoral cost of reforms having a relevant impact on the life cycle of individuals.

Putting security at the heart of the European social pact – proposals to make flexicurity more balanced

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Vielle ◽  
Jean-Michel Bonvin
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
General Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Pact ◽  
Services Of General Interest ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
New Instruments ◽  
The Eu

The concept of flexicurity opens up new avenues for rethinking our approach to social integration and security for Europe's citizens. In the current European debate, however, flexicurity is out of balance on two levels: it leans too far towards flexibility at the expense of security, and it is too focused on the labour market (and increasing employment rates) at the expense of other aspects of quality of life. This article suggests ways to rebalance flexicurity, giving more substance to ‘security’. In particular it proposes that, in addition to the mutualisation typically found in conventional social security strategies, services of general interest and time and space policies should also be developed. It recommends the negotiation of a new social pact in which all partners (not just the social partners) should have their say. The conclusion highlights the particular role of the EU in promoting harmonising measures and establishing new instruments for security and different ways of approaching public funding and investment.

The theory and reality of urban slums: Pathways-out-of-poverty or cul-de-sacs?

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Turok ◽  
Jackie Borel-Saladin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Important Test ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

This article explores two contrasting perspectives on the role of informal settlements in urban labour markets. One proposes that they help to lift households out of rural poverty and onto a path to prosperity through affordable access to urban opportunities. The other suggests that the debilitating conditions confine residents to enduring hardship and insecurity. South Africa is an important test case because of the extent of social and spatial inequalities, and the policy ambivalence towards shack settlements. Preliminary evidence indicates that employment rates are much closer to formal urban areas than to rural areas, but conditions of employment are noticeably worse. Other forms of data are required to assess the magnitude and timescale of economic progression for households.

scholarly journals Minimum Age Regulation and Child Labor: New Evidence from Brazil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bargain ◽  
Delphine Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract This study presents new evidence on the effects of minimum age regulations obtained from a natural experiment. In 1998, a constitutional reform in Brazil changed the minimum working age from 14 to 16. The reform was the legislative counterpart of a broad set of measures taken by a government strongly committed to eliminating child labor. This article investigates the role of the minimum working age in this context. The setting allows for improvements upon past approaches based on comparing employment rates of children at different ages. A discontinuity in treatment is exploited, namely the fact that only children who turned 14 after the enactment date (mid-December 1998) are banned from work. According to regression discontinuity and difference-in-discontinuity designs, the null hypothesis of no overall effect of the ban cannot be rejected. Throughout the methods and specifications, an employment effect in a confidence interval of $[-0.06, \, 0.03]$ (in percentage points) is found. A detailed heterogeneity analysis is performed and provides suggestive evidence of diminishing child labor trends in regions characterized by higher labor inspection intensity, which is interpreted as a trace of there being a law. However, contrary to what has been claimed in recent studies, the law seems not to have produced sizeable effects overall, at least in the short run. Power calculations and extensive sensitivity checks support these conclusions.

The Inherited Inequality: How Demographic Aging and Pension Reforms can Change the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. e872-e891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Klimaviciute ◽  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Harun Onder
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Inherited Wealth ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Total Wealth

Abstract The role of inherited wealth in modern economies has increasingly come under scrutiny. This study presents one of the first attempts to shed light on how demographic aging could shape this role. It shows that, in the absence of retirement annuities, or for a given level of annuitization, both increasing longevity and decreasing fertility should reduce the inherited share of total wealth in a given economy. Thus, aging is not likely to explain a recent surge in this share in some advanced economies. Shrinking retirement annuities, however, could offset and potentially reverse these effects. The paper also shows that individual bequests will be more unequally distributed if aging is driven by a drop in fertility. In comparison, the effect of increasing longevity on their distribution is non-monotonic.

Are traineeships stepping-stones for youth working careers in Italy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cappellini ◽  
Marialuisa Maitino ◽  
Valentina Patacchini ◽  
Nicola Sciclone
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation of traineeships as an active labour policy for young people in Italy. The role of traineeships as a formative experience for improving youth employment is stated by law and the specific evaluation of the regional Quality Traineeships Programme allowed for a more in-depth analysis of the role quality criteria plays in traineeship implementation.Design/methodology/approachSuch evaluation relies on administrative data, while a counterfactual approach was used to compare trainees to unemployed young people registered with Public Employment Services. The impact of traineeships on youth careers was measured in terms of employment probability, but innovatively, the actual placement was measured in terms of both hiring and along a “quality” metric with respect to entry in the labour market. It is reasonable to assume that young people are interested in traineeships as an investment towards a more satisfying career (not just as a gateway to recruitment). At last, the authors introduce a persistency analysis of the effects on youth employment rates.FindingsThe results show that traineeships hinder rapid transition to work, but they are effective stepping-stones for young people seeking a quality career. A benefit of 7 percentage points was estimated on the probability of finding a quality job after completing the traineeship and a long-lasting effect on trainees’ employment rate is demonstrated by the persistency analysis. These benefits are strengthened for participants in the Quality Traineeships Programme, confirming the relevance of desirable learning and contractual conditions in supporting the effectiveness of internships in Italy.Originality/valueAs far as the authors know, this paper is the first study that specifically refers to traineeships as an active policy in Italy and the questions resulting from the research suggest new trends in the debate over the role of policies for supporting youth employment. The administrative archives used in the analysis and the persistence effects on youth employment rates are further innovations to the empirical literature on the effectiveness of Italy’s training programmes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document