scholarly journals New Technologies, Global Value Chains, and Developing Economies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Rodrik
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains

scholarly journals Industry 4.0, global value chains and international business

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Strange ◽  
Antonella Zucchella
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Purpose This paper aims to provide an assessment of how the widespread adoption of new digital technologies (i.e. the Internet of things, big data and analytics, robotic systems and additive manufacturing) might affect the location and organisation of activities within global value chains (GVCs). Design/methodology/approach The approach in this paper is to review various sources about the potential adoption and impact of the new digital technologies (commonly known collectively as Industry 4.0), to contrast these technologies with existing technologies, and to consider how the new technologies might lead to new configurations involving suppliers, firms and customers. Findings The authors report that the new digital technologies have considerable potential to disrupt how and where activities are located and organised within GVCs), and who captures the value-added within those chains. They also report that Industry 4.0 is still in its infancy, but that its effects are already having an impact upon the nature of competition and corporate strategies in many industries. Social/implications In particular, the authors draw attention to the potential cyber-risks and implications for the privacy of individuals, and hence, the need for regulation. Originality/value This is the first published paper to consider the likely separate and joint impacts of the new digital technologies on the practice and theory of international business.

scholarly journals GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS IN THE AGE OF UNCERTAINTY: ADVANTAGES, VULNERABILITIES, AND WAYS FOR ENHANCING RESILIENCE

Baltic Region ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-107
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Smorodinskaya ◽  
Daniel D. Katukov ◽  
Viacheslav E. Malygin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Disruption Risk

In this paper, we seek to explain the fundamental vulnerability of global value chains (GVCs) to sudden shocks, as revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, and outline ways for enhancing their adaptability to the increased uncertainty at both conceptual and policy levels. We consider the concept and a typical multi-structural model of GVCs, highlighting the network complexity of the system of distributed production and trade in value added. Not only does this system bring competitive advantages to GVC partner countries, but also it entails risks of cascading production disruptions. We examine these risks by analysing the ripple effect of supply disruptions in GVCs when a sudden local shock can propagate globally through inter-firm supplier links, generating growing output losses across industries and economies. From this perspective, we describe the pandemic-induced breakdown in the global just-in-time supply system in spring 2020 and its role in the escalating global recession. In analysing the mechanisms of post-pandemic GVC adaptation to uncertainty, we look at the concept of economic resilience and properties of resilient systems (robustness, flexibility, redundancy, and dynamic sustainability). We scrutinise the supply chain resilience model used by leading MNEs (GVC organisers) in their disruption risk management at pre-disruption and post-disruption stages. We classify resilience strategies devised by MNEs after 2020 into three interrelated categories: namely, multi-structural GVC optimisation (diversification and relocation of suppliers), operational optimisation (building redundancy and production flexibility), and GVC digitalisation. We conclude by outlining windows of opportunity to improve international specialisation and growth patterns, which may open in the 2020s for developing economies, including Russia, due to the ongoing restructuring of GVCs and their global supplier networks.

scholarly journals Integration of Small Farmers Into Global Value Chains: Challenges and opportunities inside the current global demand. Integración de pequeños agricultores en cadenas globales de valor: Desafíos y oportunidades dentro de la demanda global actual.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Joselyne Nájera
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Las cadenas de valor global a menudo representan una opción, para las empresas y proveedores locales en los países en desarrollo, para obtener acceso a mercados de alto valor y nuevas tecnologías. Considerando que los beneficios potenciales de las cadenas de valor globales para los países en desarrollo están bien documentados, los estudios que se ocupan del impacto en los países en vías de desarrollo son escasos. El objetivo principal del artículo es analizar los principales retos y oportunidades que se derivan de la inserción de los pequeños agricultores en las cadenas de valor globales. El artículo sugiere que los pequeños agricultores se enfrentan a desafíos y oportunidades para el desarrollo dentro del mercado globalizado actual. Asimismo, se propone un modelo para la inserción sostenible y competitiva que pueda ser puesto en práctica, dado que aspectos como la educación, el acceso a la tecnología, el acceso a las finanzas, el apoyo a las políticas y la innovación pueden contener la clave para convertir una crisis en una oportunidad.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Global value chains often represent an option for local firms and suppliers in developing countries to get access to high-value markets and new technologies. Whereas the potential benefits from global value chains for medium-income developing countries are well documented, the studies dealing with the impact on low-income countries are scarce. The  objective of the article is to analyze the main challenges and opportunities derived from the insertion of small farmers in global value chains.The article suggests that small farmers are intertwined between both challenges and opportunities for development in this globalized market, nonetheless a model for sustainable and competitive insertion can be placed under consideration since aspects like education, access to technology, access to finance, policy support, and innovation can hold the key for turning a crisis into an opportunity.</p>

The Dissemination of Industry 4.0 Across Global Value Chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mark Schofield ◽  
Aniekan Emmanuel Essien
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Although the concept of Industry 4.0 is still in its infancy, the ramifications of this emerging technology are beginning to be felt across various industries. This chapter deals with the application of new technology, such as the internet of things (IoT), big data and analytics, robotic systems, and additive manufacturing, in global value chains (GVCs). Secondary sources about Industry 4.0 are explored in order to compare new technologies and understand how they could impact manufacturers, companies, and consumers. The effects of digital technologies on location and coordination of work, as well as the capture of value in global value chains, are also discussed in this chapter. In particular, the chapter highlights the risks of cyberattacks and their consequences for individuals' privacy, calling for regulation in international and remote work contexts.

scholarly journals THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS RESTRUCTURING

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
O. Rogach
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Political ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
International Production ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Us

The article analyzes the international production of multinational enterprises (MNEs). It presents some theoretical approaches to the analysis of international production, such as fragmentation theory, global value chains (GVCs) theory. The article argues that at the present stage of the world economy internationalization, there are two trends in the localization of MNEs global chains. The first trend indicates a slowdown of GVCs growth in the last seven years. The second trend characterizes the restructuring of GVCs. It indicates the backward movement of certain international production fragments to the MNEs home countries. Among the major factors that have slowed the growth of international MNEs production, the article analyzes the political instability and low economic dynamics of some FDI exporting countries. Changes in the location of global value chains are driven by technological, economic and geopolitical factors. Fourth industrial revolution, the robotization of production and new technologies for shale oil and gas in the US are changing the traditional determinants for GVCs localization. They have caused the relocation of many businesses from countries with the cheap labour to MNEs home countries. The article also highlights that the important factors of GVCs restructuring are the fiscal mechanisms implemented by the US administration, including tax reform. But the short-term and long-term effects of such measures differ significantly. Finally, the third important factor in the dynamics and restructuring of multinational enterprise network production is the geopolitical risk and political uncertainty. The trade war between the US and China has had a particularly significant impact on the current global value chains rebuilding.

Services and Global Value Chains: Servicification of Manufacturing and Services Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Lanz ◽  
Andreas Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
International Services ◽  
Trade In Value Added

The role of services as an input into manufacturing production — often termed "servicification" of manufacturing — is substantial in both developed and developing economies. The paper lays out conceptual and measurement issues related to services networks and provides evidence based on trade in value added statistics. Compared to goods value chains, services networks appear less fragmented internationally based on trade in value added statistics and survey evidence. However, to better capture the international services fragmentation, advances in statistics by enterprise characteristics and by mode of supply, i.e., taking into account the movement of labor and capital, are required.

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