scholarly journals Improving Police Performance in Rajasthan, India: Experimental Evidence on Incentives, Managerial Autonomy and Training

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Raghabendra Chattopadhyay ◽  
Esther Duflo ◽  
Daniel Keniston ◽  
Nina Singh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Police Performance ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Improving Police Performance in Rajasthan, India: Experimental Evidence on Incentives, Managerial Autonomy, and Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-66
Author(s):  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Raghabendra Chattopadhyay ◽  
Esther Duflo ◽  
Daniel Keniston ◽  
Nina Singh
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Police Performance ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
And Training

Management matters for firms, but what practices are optimal in hierarchical government organizations? And can skilled managers identify them? A large-scale randomized trial conducted with the police of Rajasthan, India, tested four interventions recommended by senior police officers: limitations of transfers, rotation of duties and days off, increased community involvement, and on-duty training. Field experience motivated a fifth intervention: “decoy” visits by enumerators to register cases, incentivizing staff to improve service. Only training and decoy visits had robust impacts; others were poorly implemented and ineffective. Management reforms can improve policing, but even skilled leaders struggle to identify the optimal interventions. (JEL H76, J24, J45, K42, M53, O17)

Peer Review: Empirical Data Base and Practical Implications

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. El-Guebaly
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The U.S

Psychiatrists in the U.S. have raised a host of issues related to their experience with peer review including a concern for the patient's confidentiality, the need to correlate normative standards with local customary practice, the significance of the reviewer's theoretical orientation and training, the optimal documentation required and the impact of peer review on the reimbursement of claims for services rendered. The empirical and experimental evidence relevant to these issues is reviewed. The resulting implications for our clinical freedom and developing quality assurance network are discussed.

Improving Effectiveness in Policing through the Use of Computer Technology

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayman C. Mullins ◽  
John Rempusheski
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Fingerprint Identification ◽  
Police Performance ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Bomb Disposal ◽  
And Training

This paper discusses how computer technology has improved police performance. Automated criminal history systems provide complete histories of criminals, thereby improving arrest rates and the adjudication, process. Automated fingerprint identification systems have had a significant impact in the area of criminalistics. Computer simulation has aided the police in manpower allocation, workload requirements, and training programs. Robots are being used by the police for bomb disposal, and are being considered for patrol duties, special surveillance situations, and in prisons.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

A Method for Setting the Clearance Angle

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bucek ◽  
Howard J. Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Clearance Angle ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.

Introductory Remarks

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
H. Mohri
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Constant Length ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Bridge Formation ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
Sliding Mechanism ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Cilia And Flagella

In 1959, Afzelius observed the presence of two rows of arms projecting from each outer doublet microtubule of the so-called 9 + 2 pattern of cilia and flagella, and suggested a possibility that the outer doublet microtubules slide with respect to each other with the aid of these arms during ciliary and flagellar movement. The identification of the arms as an ATPase, dynein, by Gibbons (1963)strengthened this hypothesis, since the ATPase-bearing heads of myosin molecules projecting from the thick filaments pull the thin filaments by cross-bridge formation during muscle contraction. The first experimental evidence for the sliding mechanism in cilia and flagella was obtained by examining the tip patterns of molluscan gill cilia by Satir (1965) who observed constant length of the microtubules during ciliary bending. Further evidence for the sliding-tubule mechanism was given by Summers and Gibbons (1971), using trypsin-treated axonemal fragments of sea urchin spermatozoa. Upon the addition of ATP, the outer doublets telescoped out from these fragments and the total length reached up to seven or more times that of the original fragment. Thus, the arms on a certain doublet microtubule can walk along the adjacent doublet when the doublet microtubules are disconnected by digestion of the interdoublet links which connect them with each other, or the radial spokes which connect them with the central pair-central sheath complex as illustrated in Fig. 1. On the basis of these pioneer works, the sliding-tubule mechanism has been established as one of the basic mechanisms for ciliary and flagellar movement.

An Exploratory Study on Augmentative and Alternative Communication Classroom Integration Training for Special Educators Who Work With Children With Complex Communication Needs in the Bahamas

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1016
Author(s):  
Shameka Stanford ◽  
Ovetta Harris
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Classroom Integration ◽  
And Training

Purpose In 2011, the United Nations estimated there were between 180 and 220 million youth with disabilities living around the world, and 80% of them resided in developing countries. Over the last 6 years, this number has increased significantly, and now, over 1 million people live in the Caribbean with some form of disability such as communication disorders resulting in complex communication needs (CCN). Method This publication discusses the benefits of an exploratory, descriptive, nonexperimental study on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) classroom integration training for 8 special educators in the Bahamas who work with children with CCN. Results The results of this study revealed that 100% of the participants reported the study to be effective in increasing their knowledge and skill in the area of implementing AAC into their classrooms, enhancing their ability to team teach and incorporate AAC opportunities for all students with CCN within their classrooms, and increasing their knowledge and skill overall in the areas of AAC and CCN. Conclusion The findings highlight an important area of potential professional development and training that can be replicated in other English-speaking Caribbean territories focused on AAC classroom integration training program for special educators who teach students with CCN.

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