Cross-Sectoral Variation in The Volatility of Plant-Level Idiosyncratic Shocks

Senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is critical for plants’ fitness as nutrient relocation from leaves to reproductive organs takes place. Although senescence is key in nutrient relocation and yield determination in cereal grain production, there is limited understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms that control it in major staple crops such as wheat. Senescence is a highly orchestrated continuum of interacting pathways throughout the lifecycle of a plant. Levels of gene expression, morphogenesis, and phenotypic development all play key roles. Yet, most studies focus on a short window immediately after anthesis. This approach clearly leaves out key components controlling the activation, development, and modulation of the senescence pathway before anthesis, as well as during the later developmental stages, during which grain development continues. Here, a computational multiscale modelling approach integrates multi-omics developmental data to attempt to simulate senescence at the molecular and plant level. To recreate the senescence process in wheat, core principles were borrowed from Arabidopsis Thaliana, a more widely researched plant model. The resulted model describes temporal gene regulatory networks and their effect on plant morphology leading to senescence. Digital phenotypes generated from images using a phenomics platform were used to capture the dynamics of plant development. This work provides the basis for the application of computational modelling to advance understanding of the complex biological trait senescence. This supports the development of a predictive framework enabling its prediction in changing or extreme environmental conditions, with a view to targeted selection for optimal lifecycle duration for improving resilience to climate change.

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A holistic approach to the productivity paradox

Human Systems Management ◽

10.3233/hsm-2007-26202 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 85-97

Author(s):

Rune Wigblad ◽

John Lewer ◽

Magnus Hansson

Keyword(s):

Holistic Approach ◽

Management Control ◽

New Order ◽

Public And Private ◽

Psychological Reactions ◽

The Public ◽

Time Period ◽

Plant Level ◽

Working Day ◽

Or Organization

Both the public and private sectors have since the 1980s relentlessly cut the size of their workforces. The downsizing has regularly been reported to lead to closure of a whole or a part of a corporation or organization. Some studies which have analyzed the closures have reported that remarkable, counterintuitive improvements in labor productivity occurred during the time-period between the closure announcement and the final working day. Testing an elaborated cybernetic model on a Swedish case study, and on an exploratory basis, this paper proposes a holistic approach to generate a better understanding of this phenomenon. The main holistic pattern is a new order where management control is replaced by more “Self-management” on the plant level, and very strong psychological reactions based on feelings of unfairness.

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Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Sabine Stuerz ◽

Folkard Asch

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Leaf Elongation ◽

Night Temperature ◽

Relative Air Humidity ◽

Leaf Area Expansion ◽

Plant Level ◽

Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

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Batch and Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Industrial Solid Citrus Waste for the Production of Bioenergy

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9040648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 648

Author(s):

Erik Samuel Rosas-Mendoza ◽

Andrea Alvarado-Vallejo ◽

Norma Alejandra Vallejo-Cantú ◽

Raúl Snell-Castro ◽

Sergio Martínez-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Continuous Mode ◽

Citrus Industry ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Working Volume ◽

Plant Level ◽

Citrus Waste ◽

Mesophilic Conditions

The aim of this paper is to describe a study of the anaerobic digestion of industrial citrus solid waste (ISCW) in both batch and semi-continuous modes for the production of bioenergy without the elimination of D-limonene. The study was conducted at the pilot plant level in an anaerobic reactor with a working volume of 220 L under mesophilic conditions of 35 ± 2 °C. Cattle manure (CM) was used as the inoculum. Three batches were studied. The first batch had a CM/ISCW ratio of 90/10, and Batches 2 and 3 had CM/ISCW ratios of 80/20 and 70/30, respectively. In the semi-continuous mode an OLR of approximately 8 g total chemical oxygen demand (COD)/Ld (4.43 gVS/Ld) was used. The results showed that 49%, 44%, and 60% of volatile solids were removed in the batch mode, and 35% was removed in the semi-continuous mode. In the batch mode, 0.322, 0.382, and 0.316 LCH4 were obtained at STP/gVSremoved. A total of 24.4 L/d (34% methane) was measured in the semi-continuous mode. Bioenergy potentials of 3.97, 5.66, and 8.79 kWh were obtained for the respective batches, and 0.09 kWh was calculated in the semi-continuous mode. The citrus industry could produce 37 GWh per season. A ton of processed oranges has a bioenergy potential of 162 kWh, which is equivalent to 49 kWh of available electricity ($3.90).

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Optimization of the Surveillance Test Interval of the Safety Systems at the Plant Level

Nuclear Technology ◽

10.13182/nt00-a3149 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 352-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Joon-Eon Yang ◽

Tae-Yong Sung ◽

Youngho Jin

Keyword(s):

Test Interval ◽

Plant Level ◽

Safety Systems

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Bypassing weak institutions in a large late-comer economy

Journal of Institutional Economics ◽

10.1017/s1744137415000041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 847-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

EVGUENIA BESSONOVA ◽

KSENIA GONCHAR

Keyword(s):

Institutional Environment ◽

Political Conflict ◽

Round Trip ◽

Weak Institutions ◽

Institutional Determinants ◽

Level Data ◽

Development Levels ◽

Plant Level ◽

Source Countries

AbstractThis paper addresses the link between the strong inflow of FDI into Russia in the 2000s and its weak institutions, using plant-level data across subnational regions. The findings imply that investors have responded positively to improved quality of institutions in certain regions, which offered a combination of wealth, skills and good infrastructure. High development levels in host regions helped to bypass some institutional shortcomings. Investors from source countries exhibiting comparable institutional environment appeared to be more immune to political conflict. Round-trip investors reacted to institutional determinants in almost the same manner as genuine investors, except for tolerance to labor market imperfections.

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