scholarly journals Capital Structure and Debt Structure

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Rauh ◽  
Amir Sufi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Debt Structure

Valuing firm’s financial flexibility under default risk and bankruptcy costs: a WACC based approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-699
Author(s):  
Carlo Mari ◽  
Marcella Marra
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Financial Flexibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bankruptcy Costs ◽  
Debt Capacity

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a model to value leveraged firms in the presence of default risk and bankruptcy costs under a flexible firm’s debt structure.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assume that the total debt of the firm is a combination of two debt components. The first component is an active debt component which is assumed to be proportional to the firm’s value. The second one is a passive predetermined risk-free debt component. The combination of the two debt categories makes the firm’s capital structure more realistic and allows us to include flexibility into the firm’s debt structure management. The firm’s valuation is performed using the discounted cash flow technique based on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) method.FindingsThe model can be used to define active debt management strategies that can induce the firm to deviate from its capital structure target in order to preserve debt capacity for future funding needs. The firm’s valuation is performed by using the WACC method and a closed form valuation formula is provided. Such a formula can be used to value costs and benefits of financial flexibility.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach provides a good compromise between mathematical complexity and model capability of interpreting the various economic and financial aspects involved in the firm’s debt structure puzzle.Practical implicationsThis model offers a realistic approach to practical applications where real financing decisions are characterized by a simultaneous use of these two debt categories. By comparing costs and benefits deriving from using unused debt capacity for future funding needs, the model provides a quantitative support to investigate if financial flexibility can add value to firms.Originality/valueTo the authors knowledge, the approach the authors propose is the first attempt to build a valuation scheme that accounts for firm’s financial flexibility under default risky debt and bankruptcy costs. Including financial flexibility, this model fills an important gap in the literature on this topic.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Causality between Capital Structure and Firm Profitability: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Emina Resić ◽  
Jasmina Mangafić ◽  
Tunjo Perić
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structure Choice ◽  
Capital Structure Choice ◽  
The Capital Structure

Abstract This research is designed to examine the relationship between the capital structure and profitability of non-financial firms in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the ten years period, from 2003-2012. The goal is to prove the existence of the relationship between the firm’s capital structure choice and its profitability. The analysis is extended by including the debt structure and differentiating between the types of debt such as the long-term and the short-term ones. Canonical correlation and multiple regression analysis are used. The results of the multivariate canonical correlation analysis provide support to a hypothesis that the capital structure and profitability have statistically significant relationships. Furthermore, the findings provide support that firms develop different patterns of profitability depending on the capital structure choice. We found that an increasing proportion of short-term debt and long-term debt in the overall liability of the firm reduces its profitability.

A Study on Optimal Capital Structure of Vietnamese Real Estate Listed Firms

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-70
Author(s):  
Binh Thi Thanh Dao ◽  
Phuong Hoai Lai
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Equity Prices ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Endogenous Default ◽  
Primary Focus

This paper focuses on those structural models with an endogenous default barrier where firms optimally choose a default boundary so as to maximize the equity value. The analysis commences to cover avowedly theoretical frameworks from pioneering works by Black-Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974) on zero-coupon debts to later extensions of those models for a more complex debt structure to include coupon perpetual bonds (Leland, 1994) and of arbitrage maturity or rolledover debts (Leland and Toft, 1996). Furthermore, this paper studies the empirical performance of capital structure models by testing the optimized gearing levels computed from those models with different assumptions. Parameters of these models are estimated from the firms’ equity prices. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it is not merely a summary of static theories on capital structure but it is the first of its kind to empirically study the capital structure choices of Vietnamese real estate firms, with primary focus on static models. This research follows secondary data analysis to investigate market information of stock returns and attempts to examine the potential dissimilarity in actual and proposed optimal gearing levels for the two years 2014 and 2016.

scholarly journals The Impact of Internationalization of the Boardroom on Capital Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Yousef ◽  
Hanada Almoumani ◽  
Ihssan Samara
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Information Economics ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Foreign Directors ◽  
The Impact

We develop a theoretical model based on several theories, mainly pecking order theory and theory of information economics, as well as on theoretical arguments provided by economic sociology and psychology to investigate for the first time the impact of the presence of a foreign board member on capital structure. The sample of study covers 3773 non-financial U.S. firms and includes 23,196 observations over the period from 2010 to 2018. We used pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and the general method of moments (GMM) in order to analyze the impact of foreign directors on capital structure after controlling for a range of factors, including size, year, and industry effects. The results of this empirical analysis support the proposed hypothesis. Of particular note is the finding that the proportion of foreign directors on the board correlates negatively with debt structure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our findings hold up in the face of all appropriate robustness checks. Our study contributes to the existing literature by including an international dimension of board diversity, specifically the influence of foreign directors on corporate capital structure. We argue that increasing international diversity in the boardroom improves both the quantity and quality of the information exchange between insiders and shareholders, thereby reducing adverse selection costs.

scholarly journals Capital Structure and Firm Performance: A comparative Study of Oil & Gas and Manufacturing Sectors in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Adepoju Adeoba Asaolu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Tax Shield ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors

This paper empirically examines the effects of capital structure on the performances of the Unites States’ Oil & Gas and Manufacturing sectors and investigates the differences in the dynamics of the two sectors. The study employs secondary data sourced from New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)/ NASDAQ for a period of ten (10) years, that is, 2010-2019. It utilized E-View 9.0 for generating the estimation results. The investigation has been performed using panel least square estimation technique and sectoral analysis on the data collected in order to test the set hypotheses. The result shows that although debt structure improved the performances of the firms, a sharp increase in such leverage tends to reduce firm performance for all the firms used. Coefficients namely asset tangibility, interest payment and dividend growth, directors’ shares/inside ownership and non-debt tax shield are quite significant in the result. They demonstrate positive relationships, indicating that these variables tend to affect firm performance on the average across both sectors; especially, the results show that the more efficient firms in terms of shielding taxation perform better. The study therefore recommends among other things that selection of debt as a source of capital finance should be done in line with the costs and benefits associated with the use of debt.

scholarly journals Capital Structure and Debt Structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 4242-4280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Rauh ◽  
Amir Sufi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Debt Structure

Debt Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
Paolo Colla ◽  
Filippo Ippolito ◽  
Kai Li
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Credit Lines ◽  
Commercial Paper

We review the literature on debt structure, which is a central element in a firm's capital structure. We first survey both theoretical and empirical research pertaining to debt characteristics—maturity and priority—and debt types—bank loans, corporate bonds, credit lines, commercial paper, and capital leases. We then present comprehensive empirical evidence on public US firms’ debt structure over the period 2002–2018, highlighting that more than three-quarters of US firms concentrate their borrowing in one debt type, and offer some suggestive explanations for the observed pattern. Finally, we discuss directions for future research, including a better understanding of debt structure choices by non-US firms and by private firms, the cross-sectional and temporal variations in debt structure, the corporate policy implications of firms’ debt structure choices, and the interaction between types of assets and debt structure.

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