scholarly journals Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Hallak ◽  
Peter Schott
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Inventory Management, Product Quality, and Cross‑Country Income Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo S. Blum ◽  
Sebastian Claro ◽  
Kunal Dasgupta ◽  
Ignatius J. Horstmann
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
The One ◽  
Rich Countries

Previous research has documented that export shipments are “lumpy”— exporters make infrequent and relatively large shipments to any given export destination. This fact has been interpreted as implying that fixed, per shipment cost and inventory management decisions play a key role in international trade. We document here that exports from poor countries are considerably more lumpy—have higher fixed per shipment cost— than those from rich countries. Using a model of trade with inventory management, we estimate that the country at the ninetieth percentile of the distribution of per shipment costs has almost three times higher costs than the one at the tenth percentile. We show that these per shipment cost differences have a reduced-form representation given by an ad  valorem trade cost that varies with export country income (as in Waugh 2010 ). A calibrated version of the model that incorporates these estimates and allows for endogenous product quality reveals that cross-country differences in per shipment costs explain almost 40 percent of the observed cross-country differences in income. It also shows that policies that lower per shipment costs can lead to significant welfare gains, mainly due to induced quality upgrading. (JEL F12, F14, F43, G31, O16, O19)

scholarly journals Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality*

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Hallak ◽  
Peter K. Schott
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

How Does Firm Size Explain Cross-Country Differences in Ownership Concentration?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Moshirian ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy ◽  
Jin Yu ◽  
Bohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

Connections Between Cultures: Using Empirical Distributions for Measuring Cultural Differences

2020 ◽  
pp. 002202212098237
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Messner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

The past few decades have seen an explosion in the interest in cultural differences and their impact on many aspects of business management. A noticeable feature of most academic studies and practitioner approaches is the predominant use of national boundaries and group-level averages as delimiters and proxies for culture. However, this largely ignores the significance that intra-country differences and cross-country similarities can have for identifying psychological phenomena. This article argues for the importance of considering intra-cultural variation for establishing connections between two different cultures. It uses empirical distributions of cultural values that occur naturally within a country, thereby making intracultural differences interpretable and actionable. For measuring cross-country differences, the Gini/Weitzman overlapping index and the Kullback-Leibler divergence coefficient are used as difference measures between two distributions. The properties of these measures in comparison to traditional group-level mean-based distance measures are analyzed, and implications for cross-cultural and international business research are discussed.

Cross-country differences in the use of management accounting tools

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Roberta J. Cable ◽  
Patricia Healy
Keyword(s):  
Management Accounting ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

Cross Country Differences in Trust in Television and the Governance of Public Broadcasters

Kyklos ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Connolly ◽  
Shaun P. Hargreaves Heap
Keyword(s):  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country
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