scholarly journals Rising Family Income Inequality in the United States, 1968-2000: Impacts of Changing Labor Supply, Wages, and Family Structure

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chulhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals The Rising Instability of U.S. Earnings

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gottschalk ◽  
Robert Moffitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Earnings Instability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Income Instability

The inequality of earnings and of family incomes in the United States has increased since the late 1970s. The large rise in earnings inequality between the 1970s and the 1990s could reflect either a rise in disparity of permanent incomes, a rise in earnings instability, or some portion of both. In this paper, we provide longitudinal measures that separate changes in income inequality into changes that permanently change income to new levels and those that only reflect transitory change. We refer to the latter as changes in “income instability” and discuss how the instability of individual earnings and family income in the United States has evolved— as whole as well as for different types of individuals and families—over the last quarter century. We consider alternative definitions of instability that have been proposed, and establish that all studies find that instability is considerably higher today than in the mid-1970s. This increase in instability is not a recent phenomenon. Earnings instability rose sharply in the late 1970s and early 1980s, then stabilized at these high levels through the recent period, although it may be increasing once again. We also discuss the factors that may be driving this increase in instability.

scholarly journals The Decline Of Manufacturing In The United States And Its Impact On Income Inequality

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
John H. Dunn, Jr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Front Page ◽  
President Obama ◽  
The Great Recession

The decline of manufacturing in the United States has been a perceptible trend, starting in the aftermath of World War II when manufacturing represented over one quarter of our Gross Domestic Product, to today, when it is less than 12%. The unemployment of the Great Recession, and the most recent State of the Union Address by President Obama, have now made this front page news. The declining trend has been masked by the facts that the U.S. remains, in total, the worlds largest manufacturer, and, along with China, the top value added producers. A second trend has been the decline of manufacturing employment as a percentage of the total labor force, running from just under one quarter post WWII, to less than 8% today. And finally the third trend has been the premium of manufacturing compensation versus all industries, from 11% in 1950 to 23% in 2010. Together these three trends are the major components of the increasingly palpable trend of income inequality from 1950 to 2010. In 1950 the top 20% had 17.3% of family income, whereas in 2010 it was 20%. The Gini coefficient, another measure of negative income distribution, moved from .379 to .440 over the same time frame.

Using Labor Supply Elasticities to Learn about Income Inequality: The Role of Productivities versus Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-62
Author(s):  
Katy Bergstrom ◽  
William Dodds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Labor Supply Elasticity ◽  
Supply Model

Using a general labor supply model in which individuals choose how much to work conditional on productivities and preferences for consumption relative to leisure, we show that the mapping from earnings and hours worked to productivities and preferences can be expressed entirely in terms of reduced-form labor supply elasticities. We investigate the roles that productivities and preferences play in driving income inequality in the United States. Benchmark labor supply elasticity estimates from the literature imply that productivities drive most income inequality. Preferences become increasingly important relative to benchmark, with larger income effects or larger differences between earnings and hours-worked elasticities. (JEL J22, J24, D31, J31, H24, H31)

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of 0.6 Million Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e97-e103
Author(s):  
Irene Rethemiotaki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. This work aims at studying the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD in the United States in the period between 2009 and 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics to assess the role of socioeconomic factors in the development of ADHD. It has been studied 615,608 children, 51.2% male and 48.7% female. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.13%, with males predominating over females. The number of children with ADHD increased from 2009 to 2018 by 14.8%. As specified by multiple logistic regression analysis, males (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) who have neither mother nor father (OR 1.76) are twice as likely to have ADHD compared with their peers. In addition, family income (OR 1.40) and parent's education (OR 1.12) were significantly associated with ADHD. It has been highlighted the significance of deprivation of both family and financial comfort as primary indicators for ADHD in children. Moreover, children with ADHD were more likely to be males in the age group of 12 to 17.

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