scholarly journals The Central Role of Noise in Evaluating Interventions that Use Test Scores to Rank Schools

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Chay ◽  
Patrick McEwan ◽  
Miguel Urquiola
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores

Unproctored internet-based device-type effects on test scores: The role of working memory

Intelligence ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfred Arthur ◽  
Nathanael L. Keiser ◽  
Ellen Hagen ◽  
Zach Traylor
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Device Type

scholarly journals PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH TOILET MENGGUNAKAN FORMULA MIKROBA DI PERUMAHAN TENGGILIS SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Fatimah Fatimah ◽  
Tini Surtiningsih ◽  
Agus Supriyanto ◽  
Nima’tuzahroh Nima’tuzahroh ◽  
Salamun Salamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Post Test

Blockage of septic tanks is one of the problems in the community related to the discharge of toilet waste produced. The use of synthetic toilet cleaners that are not environmentally friendly is one of the factors that can inhibit the process of decomposing organic waste. The existence of microbial killer ingredients in toilet cleaning materials that come into the septic tank will actually inhibit the growth of essential microbes that play a role in the perfection of the decomposition process. Lack of understanding of the community related to microbial processes in the processing of toilet waste is one of the factors inability of the community to overcome these problems. This community service aims to disseminate information related to the processing of organic waste, the role of microbes in the processing of toilet waste, how to make microbial formulas that play a role in the processing of toilet waste, as well as efforts to increase the creativity of the community to process their own waste to improve environmental sanitation and improve community welfare. The results of the training showed that the average pretest and post test scores of the cadres of Tenggilis Surabaya village experienced a significant increase in value with a mean value of 37.78 (pretest) to 62.22 (post-test). Toilet waste processing cadres have been able to make biotoilet products that can be used to process limbat toilets in their homes. The informationand insights they receive can be passed on to the community from each cadre.AbstrakPenyumbatan septic tank merupakan salah satu permasalahan di masyarakat terkait dengan buangan limbah toilet yang dihasilkan. Penggunaan pembersih toilet yang berbahan sintetik yang tidak ramah lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menghambat proses penguraian limbah organik. Keberadaan bahan pembunuh mikroba dalam bahan-bahan pembersih toilet yang ikut masuk ke dalam septik tank justru akan menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba esensial yang berperan dalam kesempurnaan proses dekomposisi. Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terkait dengan proses mikroba dalam pengolahan limbah toilet merupakan salah satu faktor ketidakmampuan masyarakat dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuanuntuk mensosialisasikan informasi terkait proses pengolahan limbah organik, peran mikroba dalam pengolahan limbah toilet, cara membuat formula mikroba yang berperan dalam pengolahan limbah toilet, serta upaya meningkatkan kreativitas masyarakat untuk mengolah limbahnya sendiri guna meningkatkan sanitasi lingkungan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa rerata nilai pretest dan post test kader kelurahan Tenggilis Surabaya mengalami peningkatan nilai yang cukup signifi kan dengan rerata nilai dari 37,78 (pretest) menjadi 62,22 (post test). Kader pengolahan limbah toilet telah mampu membuat produk biotoilet yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengolah limbat toilet di rumah masing-masing. Informasi dan wawasan yang mereka terima dapat di teruskan kepada komunitas asal masing-masing kader.

The Role of Low Learning in Driving Dropout: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study in Four Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kaffenberger ◽  
Danielle Sobol ◽  
Deborah Spindelman
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
Cost Of Time

Using unique longitudinal quantitative and qualitative data, we examine the role that low learning plays in driving dropout in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Regression analysis using IRT-linked test scores and data on schooling attainment and dropout shows a strong, significant association with one standard deviation higher test scores associated with 50 percent lower odds of dropping out between the ages of 8 and 12, and a similar association between the ages of 12 and 15. Qualitative analysis indicates a direct relationship between low learning and dropout, with children and parents choosing to discontinue school when they realize how little is being learned. Qualitative findings also show that low learning interacts with and exacerbates more proximate causes of dropout, with low learning often contributing to choices of early marriage (for girls) and of leaving school to work (for both genders), with families making practical decisions about which options will best provide for children in the long run. Finally, learning, work, and poverty often interact, as the need to work to help provide for the household reduces the opportunities to learn, and low learning tilts the opportunity cost of time in favor of working. These findings suggest that low learning may play a larger role in dropout decisions, by underlying and interacting with other causes, than has been typically recognized.

The Sensitivity of Teacher Value-Added Scores to the Use of Fall or Spring Test Scores

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-349
Author(s):  
Allison Atteberry ◽  
Daniel Mangan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Summer Learning Loss ◽  
Learning Loss ◽  
Summer Learning ◽  
Statewide Testing ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Value Added Measures

Papay (2011) noticed that teacher value-added measures (VAMs) from a statistical model using the most common pre/post testing timeframe–current-year spring relative to previous spring (SS)–are essentially unrelated to those same teachers’ VAMs when instead using next-fall relative to current-fall (FF). This is concerning since this choice–made solely as an artifact of the timing of statewide testing–produces an entirely different ranking of teachers’ effectiveness. Since subsequent studies (grades K/1) have not replicated these findings, we revisit and extend Papay’s analyses in another Grade 3–8 setting. We find similarly low correlations (.13–.15) that persist across value-added specifications. We delineate and apply a literature-based framework for considering the role of summer learning loss in producing these low correlations.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF GRE GENERAL AND SUBJECT TEST SCORES IN GRADUATE PROGRAM ADMISSION

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 (1) ◽  
pp. i-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Oltman ◽  
Rodney T. Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Graduate Program

The role of natural abilities, intrinsic characteristics, and extrinsic conditions in air traffic controllers’ vocational development

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pylväs ◽  
Petri Nokelainen ◽  
Hilkka Roisko
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Vocational Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Specific Factors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply the Developmental Model of Vocational Excellence (DMVE) in the domain of air traffic control and to describe the characteristics and predictors related to air traffic controllers’ (ATCO) vocational expertise and excellence. Based on DMVE, the study analyses the role of natural abilities (gifts), intrinsic characteristics (self-regulatory abilities) and extrinsic conditions (domain and non-domain specific factors) in ATCOs’ vocational development. Design/methodology/approach – The target population of the multiple case study consisted of ATCOs in Finland (N = 300), of which 28 were interviewed. The interviewees represented four different airports. Initially, three key personnel interviews were conducted to validate the structured theme interview instrument that was subsequently used for the 28 interviews. The data set also included the ATCOs’ aptitude test scores and training records. Employee assessments were used to determine their on-the-job performance level (expertise vs excellence). The research questions were examined using theoretical concept analysis. The qualitative data analysis was conducted with content analysis and Bayesian classification modelling. Findings – The findings indicate that cognitive skills, self-reflection, volition and goal-orientation are considered to be ATCOs’ most important vocational characteristics in addition to interpersonal, intrapersonal and spatial skills. The main differences between the ATCOs representing vocational expertise and those representing vocational excellence were related to self-regulation; motivation and volition in particular proved to be somewhat stronger in the latter group. Research limitations/implications – It was acknowledged that there are limitations in the present study. First, the four airports were not selected randomly. Although they represent different types of airports (and ATCO job profiles) in Finland quite well, future studies should include comparative aspect to airports in other countries. Second, the number of participants (N = 28) in the study was quite small, limiting generalization of the results to the target population (N = 300). Future research on this domain should be extended to include also quantitative measurements, allowing more generalizable results. Third, although the analysis for the research question 3 was based on a technique that is not sensitive to missing values (BCM), missing data in ATCOs’ aptitude test scores, training records and employee assessments added uncertainty to the results. Practical implications – ATCOs’ highly controlled and pre-defined work presents a challenge to work motivation, which is seen as one of the determining factors in safety in air traffic controlling (ATC). In the future, more emphasis should be placed on the prerequisites of professional development such as leadership (human resource management, feedback, employees’ opportunity to influence), working environment (physical and social environment), educational possibilities and career progression, as well as professional benefits (salary and working hours). Originality/value – Although ATC is a fairly studied topic since 1970s, most studies related to ATCOs have concentrated on training, learning on the job, cognitive capacity and processing and stress tolerance. This study extends the emerging research in the field on self-regulation by adopting DMVE to investigate its role, alongside natural abilities and domain and non-domain specific factors, to vocational talent development in different skill acquisition stages.

scholarly journals A kognitív készségek hatása a diplomás bérekre

Educatio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-300
Author(s):  
Anna Sebők
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Proxy Variables ◽  
Basic Competencies ◽  
Hungarian Population

Összefoglaló. Ebben a cikkben Magyarországon elsőként vizsgálom a kognitív készségek szerepét a felsőoktatási végzettség megtérülésében. Az adatok a KRTK Adatbank Kapcsolt Államigazgatási Paneladatbázisából származnak (Sebők 2019). Az adatforrás lehetővé teszi a különböző államigazgatási adatbázisok együttes vizsgálatát a magyar lakosság 50%-os mintáján. Az elemzésben a 2008-ban 10. osztályos középiskolások kompetenciaeredményeit mint a korai kognitív készségek proxy változóját használom a hosszú távú diplomás pályakövetéses vizsgálatomban. A tanulmányban az oktatás hozamszámítási megközelítései közül a kereseti függvények módszerét alkalmazom. Summary. This paper investigates the role of cognitive skills in the return to higher education (HE) in Hungary. It makes use of linked Hungarian administrative data, which contains labor market and educational information of about 50 percent of the Hungarian population, for the period of 2003 and 2017 (Sebők 2019). The estimates are focused on the early carrier path of HE graduates who completed their National Assessment of Basic Competencies 10th class tests in 2008. The paper uses Mincer-type regression models with the test scores as the the proxy variables of cognitive skills.

scholarly journals The Accurate Measurement of Students’ Learning in E-Learning Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9946
Author(s):  
Sunbok Lee ◽  
Youn-Jeng Choi ◽  
Hyun-Song Kim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Parameter Calibration ◽  
Fixed Parameter ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Set Up

The ultimate goal of E-learning environments is to improve students’ learning. To achieve that goal, it is crucial to accurately measure students’ learning. In the field of educational measurement, it is well known that the key issue in the measurement of learning is to place test scores on a common metric. Despite the crucial role of a common metric in the measurement of learning, however, less attention has been paid to this important issue in E-learning studies. In this study, we propose to use fixed-parameter calibration (FPC) in an item response theory (IRT) framework to set up a common metric in E-learning environments. To demonstrate FPC, we used the data from the MOOC “Introduction to Psychology as a Science” offered through Coursera collaboratively by Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in 2013. Our analysis showed that the students’ learning gains were substantially different with and without FPC.

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