scholarly journals Mass Migration, Commodity Market Integration and Real Wage Convergence: The Late Nineteenth Century Atlantic Economy

10.3386/h0048 ◽  
1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G ◽  
Kevin O'Rourke ◽  
Timothy Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Commodity Market ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Wage Convergence ◽  
Atlantic Economy

From territorial to ethnographic colonies and back again: the politics of Italian expansion, 1890–1912

Modern Italy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark I. Choate
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
East African ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Indirect Influence ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Luigi Einaudi

SummaryFor Italy, unprecedented mass migration in the late nineteenth century overshadowed the European Scramble for Africa. To secure Italy's place in the new imperial order, Francesco Crispi proposed to harness emigration for colonial expansion, by settling Italy's East African colonies with the surplus Italian population. Defeat at Adwa in 1896 shattered Crispi's project, and turned attention to colonial possibilities elsewhere. Luigi Einaudi and other Liberals trumpeted the value of Italian collectivities or colonie across the Atlantic, where Italy exerted only indirect influence. In theory, these ‘spontaneous colonies’ would boost the Italian economy at little expense. Italian colonialist societies turned from Africa to the Americas, working to make Italian migration more prestigious, successful and profitable. After 1908, however, Enrico Corradini and the Italian Nationalists mocked these initiatives, and called upon the Italian state to return to traditional imperialism in Africa.

Late Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Factor-Price Convergence: Were Heckscher and Ohlin Right?

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin O'Rourke ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factor Price ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Price Convergence ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American

Due primarily to transport improvements, commodity prices in Britain and the United States tended to converge between 1870 and 1913. Heckscher and Ohlin, writing in 1919 and 1924, thought that these events should have contributed to factor-price convergence. It turns out that Heckscher and Ohlin were right: a significant share of the Anglo-American real-wage convergence was due to commodity-price convergence. It appears that this late nineteenth-century episode was the dramatic start of world-commodity and factor-market integration that continues today.

scholarly journals One Market or Many? Labor Market Integration in the Late Nineteenth-Century United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Rosenbloom
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century United States

This article examines the geographic integration of U.S. labor markets from 1870 to 1898, using previously unexploited wage and price data for 23 occupations in 12 major cities. In contrast to the increasing nationalization found in other markets at that time, the labor market was characterized by large and persistent real wage differentials both within and between regions, leaving little doubt that late nineteenth-century labor markets remained far from completely integrated. The differentials, however, owed as much to substantial variations in labor demand growth as to the lack of labor market integration.

The European extension

2018 ◽  
pp. 225-247
Author(s):  
Eric Richards
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Returns To Labour

Across much of Europe in the late nineteenth century there was a fundamental problem, notably in those zones where industrialisation had had little impact and where the agricultural sector confronted declining returns to labour. Population growth was evidently occurring in a transforming context of agrarian and industrial change, which carried the ultimate causes of mass migration. The absorbent capacity of European cities and towns was the critical factor in the long run. The scale of intra-European migration was extraordinary: Europe’s industrial cities attracted foreigners in vast numbers. The Canadian historian Norman Macdonald declared that the great diasporic European phenomenon was a migration with ‘many roots, chiefly the adverse conditions in the Old World and the appeal of the New’. By the late nineteenth century, emigrants were streaming out of most parts of Europe.

scholarly journals India in the Rise of Britain and Europe: A Contribution to the Convergence and Great Divergence Debates

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010792090719
Author(s):  
Prabir Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Atlantic Economy

This article discusses the role of the British control of India in the rise of Britain and Europe as well as in the convergence in incomes within the Atlantic economy in the late nineteenth century. Britain was at the apex of the world economy throughout most of the nineteenth century. The article argues that the emergence of Britain as the apex economic and political power depended on her control over India. This control of India then enabled Britain to pursue a set of policies that were of critical importance, both for the convergence in incomes within the Atlantic economy and the rise of Europe. The thesis advanced here can be viewed, depending on one’s prior position, as being either complementary to or alternative to the views of many of the protagonists of the divergence debate in the literature. JEL: N10, N13, N15, N70, O4

scholarly journals Europe's Tired, Poor, Huddled Masses: Self-Selection and Economic Outcomes in the Age of Mass Migration

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1832-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Abramitzky ◽  
Leah Platt Boustan ◽  
Katherine Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Entry Restrictions

During the age of mass migration (1850–1913), one of the largest migration episodes in history, the United States maintained a nearly open border, allowing the study of migrant decisions unhindered by entry restrictions. We estimate the return to migration while accounting for migrant selection by comparing Norway-to-US migrants with their brothers who stayed in Norway in the late nineteenth century. We also compare fathers of migrants and nonmigrants by wealth and occupation. We find that the return to migration was relatively low (70 percent) and that migrants from urban areas were negatively selected from the sending population. (JEL J11, J61, N31, N33)

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